PRELIMS

• Theories on the beginning of life

  • Spontaneous Generation Theory
  • Panspermia Theory
  • RNA World Theory
  • Oparin-Haldane Theory
  • Deep Sea Vent Theory
  • Electric Spark Theory
  • Catastrophic Theory
• Spontaneous Generation Theory


  Life can arise from non-living matter, life arose from nonliving material if the material contained pneuma ("vital heat"), appearance of animals from environments previously devoid of such animals
• Panspermia Theory


  Life came from space, microbial spores from space were supposedly brought to earth by asteroids or meteors
• RNA World Theory


  Life on Earth began with a simple RNA molecule that could copy itself without help from other molecules, RNA building blocks (nucleotides) emerged in a chaotic soup of molecules on early Earth
• Oparin-Haldane Theory


  Inorganic molecules could have reacted to form building blocks like amino acids and nucleotides, which could have accumulated in the oceans, making a "primordial soup", polymers could have assembled into units or structures that were capable of sustaining and replicating themselves
• Deep Sea Vent Theory


  The natural charge gradient from the vents powered the chemical transformation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into simple carbon-based molecules such as amino acids or proteins
• Electric Spark Theory


  Life generated from lightning, energy from the lightning flashes produced biomolecules
• Catastrophic Theory


  Life evolved from catastrophe/calamities, environmental stress can lead to the sudden re-arrangement of chromosomes, which in self-fertilizing organisms may then give rise sympatrically to a new species
• Theories on the creation of the Earth

  • Gaseous Hypothesis
  • Nebular Hypothesis
  • Planetesimal Hypothesis
  • Tidal Hypothesis
  • Binary Star Hypothesis
  • Interstellar Hypothesis
  • Big Bang Theory
• Gaseous Hypothesis


  Primordial hard matter in a nebula process a mutual gravitation attraction and collided against each other
• Nebular Hypothesis


  Nebula is made of gases instead of primordial hard matter, hydrogen and helium gravitated towards the center while heavier elements pulled away leading the planets to be formed
• Planetesimal Hypothesis


  The Sun encountered another star and caused a series of bolts to be ejected from the Sun and became planets
• Tidal Hypothesis


  A massive amount of matter was ejected from the Sun as a result of the gravitational force of an intruding star
• Binary Star Hypothesis


  Two stars in the solar system, bigger one ejected mass under the influence of a third one coming close at a higher speed
• Interstellar Hypothesis


  Primordial dust began to coalesce into a disk-shaped configuration which were further divided into rings each holding asteroids that eventually merged into planets
• Big Bang Theory


  Single particle expanded after a huge explosion, which provided a nebulae and coalesced into stars and planets
• Different branches of biology

  • Biology
  • Anatomy
  • Astrobiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Botany
  • Biochemistry
  • Biogeography
  • Bioinformatics
  • Biolinguistics
  • Biological Engineering
  • Biomechanics
  • Biophysics
  • Bionics
  • Biotechnology
  • Botany
  • Cell Biology
  • Chemical Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Geobiology
  • Gerontology
  • Human Biology
  • Human Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Lichenology
  • Marine Biology
  • Mycology
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neurobiology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Pathology
  • Physiology
  • Paleobiology
  • Phycology
  • Parasitology
  • Plant Physiology
  • Photobiology
  • Radiobiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Soil Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Taxonomy
  • Theoretical Biology
  • Virology
  • Zoology
• Biology


  Study of life
• Anatomy


  Study of the structure of living things and their parts
• Astrobiology


  Study of the living universe
• Biotechnology


  Study of technology related to biology
• Botany


  Scientific study of plants
• Biochemistry


  Study of chemical processes within or related to living organisms
• Biogeography


  The study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life
• Bioinformatics


  Study of interpreting biological information through computer science
• Biolinguistics


  The study of biology and the evolution of language
• Biological Engineering


  The application of engineering principles to the design and transformation of technology for use toward solving biological problems
• Biomechanics


  The study of forces acting on and generated within the body and of the effects of these forces on the tissues, fluids, or materials used for diagnosis, treatment, or research purposes
• Biophysics


  Study of physical processes and phenomena in living organisms
• Bionics


  Study of mechanical systems that work like living things or as part of a living organism
• Biotechnology


  Harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products
• Botany


  Study of plants
• Cell Biology


  Study of cell structure and functions
• Chemical Biology


  Study of the use of chemistry to solve biological problems
• Computational Biology


  Study of using biological information to develop algorithms to comprehend biological systems
• Conservation Biology


  Study of environmental conservation and biodiversity on the earth
• Chronobiology


  Study of effects of time on biological events as well as internal biological rhythms and clocks
• Developmental Biology


  Study of the growth and development processes of plants and animals
• Evolutionary Biology


  Study of evolutionary processes and diversification and adaptation of life over time
• Ecology


  Study of how organisms and how interact with the environment around them