Human Nutrition

• What is nutrition?


  Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
• What type of nutrients to animals require?

  Organic compounds, ions and water
• What is a balanced diet?

  A balanced diet provides all the nutrients, in the correct amounts needed to carry out the life processes and to ensure good health and growth
• What re the necessary food groups?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, fats/lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water
• What is a dietary source of carbohydrates?

  Potatoes, rice, maize
• What is the dietary importance of fibre?

  Glucose is oxidized in respiration to release energy
• What happens to excess carbs?

  Thry are stored as glycogen or fat
• What is the deficiency of carbohydrates?

  Marasmus
• What is a dietary source of unsaturated fats?

  Plant oils, e.g. nuts and seeds
• What is a dietary source of saturated fats?

  animal fats and dairy e.g. butter
• What is the dietary importance of fats?

  Energy storage, myelin sheath, insulation keeps the body warm,
• What are some dietary sources of proteins?

  Meat, fish, eggs, milk
• What is the dietary importance of protein?

  Growth and repair of cells, tissues, enzymes, antibodies and transport molecules
• What is the deficiency of protein?

  Kwashiorkor
• What are the 2 vitamins in nutrition?

  Vitamin C, Vitamin D
• What is the dietary source of vitamin C?

  Citrus fruits like oranges
• What is the dietary importance of vitamin C?

  Protects cells from ageing resistance to disease
• What is the lack of vitamin C?

  Scurvy
• What is the dietary source of vitamin D?

  Liver, dairy, oil fish
• What is the dietary importance of vitamin D?

  Helps calcium to be absorbed to strengthen bones and teeth
• What is deficiency of vitamin D?

  Rickets
• What are the 2 minerals needed for digestion?

  Calcium, iron
• What is the dietary source of calcium?

  Milk, cheese, bread
• What is the dietary importance of calcium?

  To strengthen bones and teeth
• What is the deficiency of iron?

  Brittle bones and teeth
• What is the dietary source of iron?

  Red meat, liver, egg yolk
• What is the dietary importance of iron?

  For making red blood cells - haemoglobin
• What is the deficiency of iron?

  anemia
• What is the dietary source of fibre?

  All fruit and vegetables
• What is the dietary importance of fibre?

  Provides bulk muscles of the gut wall can push faeces along
• What is the deficiency of fibre?

  constipation
• What is the dietary source of water?

  Water, fruit juice
• What is the dietary importance of water?

  Its a solvent, excretion of urea, enzyme action
• What is ingestion?


  The taking of food and drink into the body
• What is digestion?


  breakdown of food
• What are the 2 types of digestion?

  chemical and physical
• What is physical digestion?

  the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules
• What is chemical digestion?

  The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed
• What is absorption?


  The movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood
• What is assimilation?


  uptake and use of nutrients by cells