Sigmund freud

Cards (31)

  • Humans
    • Born with innate, biologically based drives such as hunger, sex, and aggression
    • Early experiences shaped later functioning
  • People
    • Driven by motives and emotional conflicts of which they are largely unaware
    • Shaped by their earliest experiences with the family
  • Newborn
    Viewed as "seething cauldron", an inherently selfish creature driven by Instincts (inborn biological forces that motivate behavior)
  • Strongly believed in unconscious motivation – the power of instincts and other inner forces to influence our behavior without out awareness
  • Biological instincts provide unconscious motivation for actions
  • Selfish and aggressive
    Negative view of human nature
  • Id
    Pleasure principle, impulsive, irrational, selfish, seeks immediate gratification
  • Ego
    • Reality principle, rational, finds realistic way to gratify instincts
    • Emerge during infancy when psychic energy is diverted from the id to energize cognitive processes
  • Superego
    • Morality principle, individual's internalized moral standards
    • Develops from the ego as 3-6 years old internalize the moral standards and values of their parents
  • Healthy Personality

    Balance of the id, ego, superego
  • Psychological problems arise when the individual's supply of psychic energy is unevenly distributed among the id, ego, and superego
  • Fixation
    Arrest in development that can show up in adult personality; libido remains tied to an earlier stage of development
  • Oral Fixation
    • May grow up to become nail-biters or smokers
  • Anal Fixation
    • May be obsessively clean, rigidly tied to schedules and routines, or defiantly messy
  • Oral
    • Mouth
    • Experience anxiety and the need to defend against it if denied oral gratification by not being fed on demand or being weaned too early
    • Oral Fixation manifested in adults: alcoholic, smoking, overeating, Pica, nail biting, thumb sucking
  • Anal
    • Anus
    • Toilet training era
    • Anal-Retentive: perfectionist, orderly, tidy
    • Anal-Expulsive: lack of self-control, messy, careless
  • Phallic
    • Genitals
    • Youngsters develop an incestuous desire for the parent of the other sex and must defend against it
    • Oedipus Complex: loves his mother, fears that his father will retaliate by castrating him, and resolves the conflicts through identification with his father
    • Electra Complex: a girl having desire with her father, seeing her mother as a rival
    • Castration Anxiety: son believes his father knows about his desire for his mother and fears that his father will castrate him
    • Penis Envy: a girl wants a penis as she desires her father
  • Latency
    Sexual urges sublimated into sports and hobbies
  • Genitals
    • Physical sexual urges reawaken repressed needs
    • Direct sexual feelings towards others lead to sexual gratification
    • May have difficulty accepting their new sexuality, therefore, reexperiencing conflict towards their parents and distance themselves to defend against anxiety-producing feelings
  • Personality formed from unconscious childhood conflicts between the inborn urges of the id and the requirements of civilized life
  • Defense Mechanisms
    Ego adapts unconscious coping devices
  • Repression
    • Unacceptable or unpleasant impulses are pushed back into the unconscious
    • A woman who experienced sexual harassment cannot recall what happened to her
  • Regression
    • Behaving as if they were at an earlier stage of development
    • Your father throws a tantrum when he was left alone at home
  • Displacement
    • The expression of an unwanted feeling or mere thought is redirected from a more threatening, powerful person to a weaker one
    • An employee shouted at his child after being scolded by his boss
  • Rationalization
    • People distort reality in order to justify something that has happened
    • A swimming athlete who lost her competition took her loss as something she expected anyways and she did not want the trophy
  • Denial
    • People refuse to accept or acknowledge an anxiety-producing piece of information
    • A widow never accepted that her husband died in an accident
  • Projection
    • People attribute unwanted impulses and feelings to someone else
    • A woman fat-shamed another woman because she is insecure about her body
  • Sublimation
    • People divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
    • An angry man jogged instead to cool down his anger
  • Reaction-Formation
    • Unconscious impulses are expressed as their opposite in consciousness
    • A mother who unconsciously resent her child, acts lovingly consciously
  • Personality is stage-oriented
  • Personality is reactive