Behaviorism Theorist

• Theory that emphasized conditioning behavior and altering the environment to elicit selected responses from the learner. Behaviorism
• father of Behaviorism - John Watson (1878-1958)
• "if he is given a dozen healthy infants, he can make them into anything you want them to be" Watson
• what is the name of the child that he experimented with?

  Little Albert
• What animal does Watson used to made Albert feared of?

  white rat
• In the beginning, Albert was not afraid of the rat, but Watson made a sudden (loud noise) each time Albert touched the rat.
• He is founder of behavior psychology and well-known for his connectionism theory. Edward Lee Thorndike
• relationship between a stimulus and a response.

  connectionism
• anything that can caused reaction is (stimulus), while it is refer to the reaction is (Response)
• Law of Learning in Thorndike Theory

  1. Law of Readiness
  2. Law of Exercise; and
  3. Law of Effect
• He is the proponent of classical conditioning or (respondent conditioning)

  Ivan Pavlov
• It is also known as respondent conditioning refers to a form of learning that occurs through the repeated association of 2 or more different stimuli.

  Classical conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov was famous for his experiment with (dogs)
• Four (4) key elements that are used to describe the process of classical conditioning

  1. unconditioned stimulus
  2. unconditioned response
  3. conditioned stimulus
  4. conditioned response
• Key processes in Classical Conditioning

  1. acquisition
  2. extinction
  3. spontaneous recovery
  4. stimulus generalisation
  5. stimulus discrimination
• It is the overall process during which the organism learns to associate 2 events; naka learn siya. acquisition
• It is the gradual decrease in the strength or rate of a CR that occurs when the UCS is no longer presented; in short nawala na.

  extinction
• Is the reappearance of a CR when the CS is presented; nibalik ang response (eg. maglaway balik)

  spontaneous recovery
• Scenario:

  • If you developed a phobia after being bitten by a dog, you might experience a similar fear response when you see other types of dogs. (stimulus generalisation)
• Soc exhibits fear response to freely roaming dogs but does not show fear when a dog is on a leash or confined to a pen. Which conditioning process is illustrated (Stimulus discrimination)
• He is the proponent of Operant Conditioning.

  B.F. Skinner
• Adding something Positive to Increase a response; naay gihatag na incentive or reward

  Example: A mother gives her son praise for doing homework.

  Answer: positive reinforcement
• Taking/Removing something negative away to increase a response. Example: Bob does the dishes in order to avoid his mother nagging.

  Answer: Negative reinforcement
• Adding a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is emitted to decrease future responses.

  Example: A child grabs a toy from another child and is sent to time out

  Answer: Positive punishment
• Taking away/Removing a certain desired item after the undesired behavior happens to decrease future responses.

  Example: Siblings get in a fight over who gets to play with a new toy, the parents takes the game/toy away.

  Answer: Negative Punishment
• He is the proponent of Social Cognitive Theory or also known as the Social Learning theory.

  Albert Bandura
• Vygotsky: Socio-Cultural Theory; Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
• The child learns through imitation.

  Social Learning Theory
• Vicarious consequences (Model and imitate others)
• What is the thing that Bandura believed was the source of behavior modeling.

  Television
• Phases of Observational Learning by Bandura (ARMM)

  1. Attention (Observer)
  2. Retention (Recall, Remember)
  3. Motor Reproduction (After observation, mag actual performance na siya)
  4. Motivational Process (motivated)
• Models are classified as:

  1. Real life
  2. Symbolic
  3. Representational
• exemplified by teachers, parents, and significant others; makita niya in real life.

  real life
• presented through oral or written symbols

  symbol
• presented through audio-visual measures.

  Example: Nakita niya sa tv kaya gisundog niya

  Representational