Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

• Quantitative; changes in size, weight number, height etc; observable; changes that take place in PARTICULAR ASPECTS of the body & behavior; STOPS with the attainment of maturity. (GROWTH)
• Qualitative; changes in the quality eg. handwriting, voice quality; cannot be measured; changes in the organism as a WHOLE; continuous process- from womb to tomb. (Development)
• Maturation/nature - the natural growth resulting from heredity
• Environmental influences/Nurture - in and through which the growing takes place.
• During infancy, the greatest growth always occurs at the top; Head to Toe; Head to Tail; Upper to Lower Body. (Cephalocaudal Pattern)
• muscular control of the trunk and arms comes earlier as compared to the hands and finger; Center to Extremities; Center to Upward. (Proximodistal Pattern)
• Development follows an orderly sequence which is predictable. - YES
• Early development is more critical than later development. - YES
• Social expectation - Developmental Taks
• Physical Development involves gross and fine motor development.
• the LARGE muscles in the body such as legs, arms and the chest. - Gross motor
• the SMALL muscles such as those in hand, fingers, lips and tongue. - Fine motor
• Refers to the development of self-concept and self-esteem as well as the ability to express feelings and form relationships with other people. - Social/Emotional Development
• understanding or comprehending (receptive language) and being able to communicate using language (expressive language). - Language Development
• thinking processes such as concentrating, imagining, problem-solving, using logic, organizing information, and using symbols. - Cognitive (Intellectual) Development
• He popularized Developmental Task. - Robert Havighurst, 1972
• It is a task that arises at a certain period in our life, the successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later tasks while failure leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and difficulty with later tasks. - Developmental task
• Conception to Birth - Pre-Natal Stage
• this where development started - Conception
• In this stage, it involves tremendous growth - from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities. - Pre-Natal Stage
• GEF stands for; - Germinal, Embryonic and Fetal period
• It includes the creation of Zygote, continued cell division and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall. - Germinal Period
• name sa bata during germinal period. - Zygote
• During the germinal period, it is called as an inner layer of cells that develops later into embryo. - Blastocyst
• It is an outer layer of cells that provides nutrition and support for the embryo; life support system. - Trophoblast
• Pre-natal development occurs 2 to 8 weeks after conception; the zygote will become embryo. - Embryonic period
• inner layer of the cell; becomes the digestive and respiratory system. - Endoderm
• outermost layer of the cell; becomes the nervous, sensory receptors and skin parts. - Ectoderm
• middle layer; develop into circulatory, skeletal, muscular, excretory and reproductive system. - Mesoderm
• Germinal: Zygote; Embryonic: Embryo; Fetal: ___. - Fetus
• Life support system for the embryo develop or it have a mnemonics PUA. - Placenta, Umbilical Cord and Amnion
• A life support system that consists of disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join. - Placenta (inunlan)
• contains two arteries and one vein that connects the baby to the placenta. - Umbilical Cord
• It is a bag or an envelope that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats. This will also protect the baby. - Amnion
• It is a life support system for the embryo develop and it have a mnemonics PUA, what is it? - Placenta, Umbilical Cord and Amnion
• It is the process of organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development. - Organogenesis
• Last from the 2 months after the conception until 9 months when infant is born. - Fetal period
• Physical growth is FASTEST. - Infancy
• Rapid physical changes. - Adolescence
• Shortest of all developmental periods; extreme helplessness. - Infancy