1.1 Materials and their Applications

• Name 2 hardwoods


  Oak

  Mahogany

  Teak
• Name 2 softwoods


  Pine

  Spruce

  Cedar
• Name the main three Manufactured Boards

  Plywood

  MDF

  Chipboard
• Name 2 thermoforming polymers

  Acrylic

  Nylon
• Name 2 thermosetting polymers

  Epoxy resin

  Urea formaldehyde

  Silicone 
• Name 2 elastomers


  Silicone

  Natural rubber
• Name 2 ferrous metals


  Cast iron

  Low carbon steel
• Name 2 non ferrous metals

  Aluminium

  Copper
• Name 2 alloys


  Stainless steel

  Bronze

  Brass
• Name all the material categories

  Metal

  Wood

  Polymers

  Papers and Boards

  Composites

  Smart Materials

  Moder Materials
• What is a smart material

  A material that changes in response to its environment
• Name 2 examples of smart materials 

  Thermochromatic pigment (baby spoon)

  Phospherescent pigment (emergency exit)
• What is a composite material

  Material made from 2 or mare different materials, giving it enhanced properties
• Name 2 Composite materials

  Concrete

  Engineered wood
• What is a modern material

  Material that will continue to evolve as technology advances developed throught the invention of new or improved processes
• Name 2 modern materials

  Kevlar

  High density modelling foam
• Why is it useful to use stock forms

  1.Uniformity of material sizes around the world

  2.Easier to transport rather than raw material

  3.Less expensive than specialist sizes

  4.Less waiting time to recieve material
• What makes papers and boards different from wood

  They are compliant, meaning they can be scored, folded and cut with basic tools.
• Name 2 examples of papers and boards

  Tracing paper

  Cartridges paper

  Watercolour paper
• What makes a hardwood a hardwood

  Wood from a deciduous (broad leaf) tree. They lose their leaves in autumn and are slow groing as shown by their many trees rings.  
• What makes a softwood a softwood

  Wood from a coniferous (cone bearing) tree. They are evergreen so don't lose their leaves and are fast growing as shown by their fewer tree rings
• What is the difference between ferrous and non ferrous metal

  Ferrous (iron and carbon)

  Non-ferrous(no iron or carbon)
• What is an alloy


  A metal composed of 2 or more other metals

  OR

  Combination of 2 elements one being a metal 
• What are the 2 main categories for tests

  1 Simple workshop tests (comparative)

  2 Scientific meseaured tests (industrial)
• Name 3 possible variables when testing materials

  1 Size of material sample being tested

  2 Environmental conditions

  3 Force applied
• Name the 6 practical workshop tests

  1 Tensile testing

  2 Toughness testing

  3 Hardness testing

  4 Malleability and Ductility testing

  5 Corrotion testing

  6 Conductivity testing
• What is the meaning of tensile strength

  The ability to resist stretching or pulling forces
• How is tensile strength tested


  Clamping material samples of the same length and thickness into a vice, then applying a load (e.g weights)to the unclamped end.

  The less deflection,the higher the tensile strength in the material.
• What does a toughness test establish


  How much force the material can absorb
• How is a toughness test carried out


  Material sample clamped into a vice,hit with the same force with a hammer. The tough msterials will absorb the impact, brittle ones bend or shatter.
• What are the 2 aspcets of hardness testing

  1 Abrasive wear

  2 Resistance to surface indentation
• How is a hardness (abrasive wear) test carried out

  Run a file over the surface, same force for each material sample, sample with the fewest scratches is the hardest
• How is a a hardness (resistance to surface indentation) test carried out


  Dot punch and a hammer, dot punch is hit once, same forces applied to each sample, smaller the indent the harder the material
• What is the difference between a hardnes and toughness

  Hardness= ability to resist abrasive wear (scratchingsurface indentation,cutting)

  Toughness= ability to absorb impact force without fracture
• How is a malleability/ductility test carried out


  Test piece placed in a vice, try bending it 90 degrees, cracks on outside mean low ductility,cracks on inside mean low malleability
• What is the difference between malleability and ductility

  Malleability=ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking (increases with rise in temperature)

  Ductility=ability to be drawn out under tention,without cracking (e.g streching material into a wire)
• What is the purpose of carrying out a corrosion test

  To determine the rate of corrotion when exposed to environmentla effects (rain or sun)
• How is a corrosion test carried out

  The material samples can simply be left outside in an area exposed to weather effects, left for a certain amount of time, then visually inspected for surface corrosion.
• What are the 2 types of conductivity testing

  Electrical

  Thermal
• How is a electrical conductivity test carried out

  Done by use of a multimeter

  Collect material samples of the same dimentions

  Mark distance between the two ends of the materials sample on the top surface for each probe of the mulitmeter

  Measure resistance