Mumbai Case Study

• mumbai is the second largest city in the world with 23 million residents, it exemplifies the global urban growth and sprawl seen in recent years
• mumbai accounts for 6% of indias GDP, 40% of foreign trade and 25% of industrial production
• mumbai is the entertainment, fashion and commercial centre of india. it is home to the headquarters of several indian financial institutions
• 38% of mumbai's migrants come from maharashta state due to their farming industry, however, the increased use of machinery forced people out of work and changes to farming have forced people to sell their farms
• access to health care is improving, the city has more hospitals than any urban area in india and there are over 1000 primary/secondary schools in mumbai (OPPORTUNITY)
• there is a chlorinated central water supply managed by the government, the rapid growth of squatter settlement areas has put pressure on freshwater supplies/sewage systems (OPPORTUNITY)
• 60% of india's sea trade is made in mumbai, it is home to the indian stock market and has the busiest port/airport in india (OPPORTUNITY)
• mumbai has most of india's specialised technical industries (areospace, optical engineering, medical research) (OPPORTUNITY)
• chawls and squatter settlements are a rising issue due to the urban growth, people typically have no sanitation or hygiene in these places
• conditions in dharavi are poor as people live by open sewers and children play amongst sewage waste, it is averaged that there is one toilet per 1450 people
• the average life expectancy is under 60 years old due to disease and health concerns
• 60% of mumbai's population rely on communal taps, some areas have limited access to freshwater (only allowed to use from 5 am for two hours)
• 80% of waste is recycled and over 1000 people are employed in waste disposal, many work in the informal sector collecting waste from tips to earn money
• rapid urbanisation has put pressure on mumbai's strained education/health services
• there is lots of unemployment in mumbai and economic growth has not been fast enough to create jobs for the available workforce
• crime rates are high, it has the third highest crime rate of indian cities, nearly 1/3 of the population have been victims of crime. corruption is high, 22.9% of citizens have been exposed to bribery
• millions of tonnes of waste enter mumbai's mithi river each year, many water pipes run close with sewers meaning leakages are common and contamination is high
• many are reliant on public transport, busses and trains are often overcrowded and traffic congestion is a problem. many people use old, inefficient cars meaning air pollution is also high