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optics
Refraction
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The
bending
or
change
in
direction
of
light
when it travels from one
medium
to another. Each medium has its own
index
of
refraction
What causes refraction
Normally
light
travels in
straight lines
as long as the light is traveling through the same material
Refraction is due to changes in the
speed
of light. Different media
slow down
light by different amounts
The more that light
slows down
, the more the light is
refracted
Less
to
More Dense
When light travels from a
less
dense medium into a
denser
medium, light will
slow down
Slowing down causes the light ray to
bend
towards
the
normal
Results in the angle of
incidence
being
greater
than the angle of refraction
More to less Dense:
Water
to
Air
When light travels from a more dense medium to
less
dense medium, the light will
speed up
Light speeding up causes the
light
ray to
bend away
from the normal
Results in angle of refraction becoming
greater
than the angle of
incidence
Speed of Light
Speed of light in
vacuum
: c=
3.00x10
^8m/s
Speed of light in a
medium
(v) is different for different materials
Index of
refraction
The index of refraction for a medium is determined by comparing the
speed
of
light
in the
medium
with the
speed
of
light
in a
vacuum
Index of refraction of material =
speed
of
light
in vacuum/speed of light in medium
N =
index
of
refraction
C =
speed
of
light
V =
speed
of light in given
medium
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