CHE140

• What Polyatomic ion is NH4+? Ammonium
• What Polyatomic ion is NO3-? Nitrate
• What Polyatomic ion is SO42-? Sulfate
• What Polyatomic ion is CO32-? Carbonate
• What Polyatomic ion is PO43-? Phosphate
• What Polyatomic ion is CLO3-? Chlorate
• What polyatomic ion is OH-? Hydroxide
• Term for energy released into the surroundings? Exothermic
• The potential energy of the products is less than the reactants. Endothermic or exothermic? Exothermic
• Term for energy absorbed from the surroundings? Endothermic
• The potential energy of the products is greater than the reactants. Endothermic or exothermic? Endothermic
• Term: The amount of thermal energy associated with chemical process? Enthalpy (H)
• Are solids and liquids included in an equilibrium expression? No. Only what is included? Gasses
• if NO2 is added to the equation N2O4(g)=2NO2(g), does the equilibrium shift left or right? Left
• Disturbing equilibrium: Does the addition of liquids/solids cause a shift? No
• Endothermic reactions consider heat as a product
• Exothermic reactions consider heat as a reactant
• Disturbing Equilibrium: Increasing pressure causes the equilibrium to shift to the side with fewer moles of gas
• Disturbing Equilibrium: Decreasing pressure causes the equilibrium to shift to the side with more moles of gas
• What does a catalyst do? Increase the rate of reation
• The solubility of a gas in a liquid can always be increased by: Increasing the pressure of the gas above the solvent
• Oxidation is the loss of electrons. Is it an increase or decrease in oxidation state? Increase
• Reduction is the gaining of electrons. Is it an increase or decrease in oxidation state? Decrease
• An oxidising agent is the substance that is reduced
• A reducing agent is the substance that is oxidised
• What's a polar bond? 2 different atoms unequally sharing electrons
• What makes a molecule Polar? Contains polar bonds and the molecule is asymmetrical
• Electronegativity increases when moving from left to right and going up the periodic table
• IMF between non-polar molecules? Dispersion forces
• Another word for dispersion forces? London dispersion forces
• What is the weakest IMF? Dispersion forces
• IMF between polar molecules? Dipole-dipole attraction
• IMF only possible for molecules that have a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom? Hydrogen bonding

  What are the atoms hydrogen bonds too? N, O or F
• What is the strongest IMF? Hydrogen bonding
• Dipole-dipole forces are stronger than London dispersion forces but weaker than hydrogen bonding
• What makes a substance soluble? Both must be polar
• What influences boiling point? IMF, pressure, temperature, molar mass
• The solubility of gas in liquid decreases with increasing temperature
• When pressure is increased, boiling point is increases
• A solution is an example of a homogeneous mixture. It is the same throughout. For example, salt water