changing fertility

• overall trend of fertility

  fertility as a whole decreased

  TFR fell from 3.5 to 1.94 1900 - 2013
• effects of changing fertility on family

  smaller families mean more women able to go out and work = duel earner families

  richer families may afford large families and have childcare in place to look after children whilst staying in fulltime work
• effects of changing fertility on dependancy ratio

  relationship between size of working / productive part of population and size of dependent

  children = largest part of dependent population

  longer term = fewer babies means fewer adults = smaller working population so burden of dependency may increase
• effects of changing fertility on public services and policy

  lower birth rate due to lower fertility rate means fewer schools and child health clinics are needed

  affects cost of maternity / paternity leaves and types of housing needed