Q.E 20

• Exposure – is the amount of chemical that is available for absorption
• Safety – the probability that harm will not occur under specified conditions
• Poison – is a substance that when introduce into or absorbed by a living organism in sufficient amounts causes death or

  injury
• Volatile poisons – poisonous substance capable of converting from liquid to gas without the application of heat.
• Gases – class of poisons usually not chemically detectable however some may be isolated from blood or lung tissue.

  (e.g. carbon monoxide, chlorine etc)
• Non-volatile poison – most of drugs is non-volatile. They can be extracted using acid and basic medium in a suitable

  solvent.
• Anions – usual examples are household chemicals. These range of poison are usually inorganic in nature.
• Metallic – usually encountered in places near mining
• Posology (dosage) –is a science which deals with the study of the dosage of medicine to be administered within a

  certain period.
• Medicine – is any substance administered to correct or alleviate the disease or disordered state of the system.
• Dose – is the quantity of medicine to be administered at one time.
• Safe dose – is one that do not cause harmful effects. Sometimes, however, it may be too small to produce the desired

  effects
• Minimum dose – is the smallest amount of medicine that can produce the desired therapeutic effect without causing

  harm.
• Maximum dose – the largest amount of that will cause no injury but at the same time can produced the desired

  therapeutic effect.
• Toxic or poisonous dose – is one that is harmful both to the healthy and the sick
• Lethal or fatal dose – dose that kills.
• Antidotes – is any agent that neutralize a poison or otherwise counteracts or opposes its effects
• Circumstantial or Moral Evidence – that evidence contributed by the circumstances or deduced from various

  occurrences and facts.
• Symptomatic Evidence - this include the symptoms observed during the poisoning.
• Chemical evidence – that evidence obtained by chemical analysis of the suspected substance, or the decomposed or

  changed or it have been placed after death.