Q.E 24

• BERTILLION SYSTEM – This method was developed by Alphonse Bertillon
• ODONTOLOGY – This system measures the tooth structure as a means of identification.
• HAIR EXAMINATION – is one of the oldest forms of physical evidence.
• RIDGE SURFACE - is that component of. the friction skin that forms the fingerprint impression.
• RIDGES – are the tiny elevation or hill-like structures found on the epidermis layer of the skin containing sweat pores.
• DISCRETION – are the canal-like impression or depression found between the ridges which may be compared with the

  low area in a tire thread.
• SWEAT PORES – are the canal-like impression or depression found between the ridges which may be compared with the

  low area in a tire thread.
• SWEAT DUCT – is a long host like structure that serves as the passage way for the sweat that exits at its mouth, the pore.
• SWEAT GLANDS – are found in the dermis layer of the skin which is responsible for the production of the sweat (watery

  substance
• 27 BONES – The human hand has
• TERMINAL PHALANGE – is the particular bone that is covered with the friction skin having all the different types of

  patterns and located near the tip of the finger.
• MIDDLE PHALANGE – is a phalange of the finger located at the middle of the terminal and basal phalange is a phalange

  of the finger located at the base portion just below the middle phalange
• DERMAL PAPILLAE - irregular blunt pegs composed of delicate connective tissues, protruding and forming the ridges of

  the skin, each containing a small opening or pores
• RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS – also known as minutiae
• RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS – This refers to the details of ridge structures, formations, and elements
• Bifurcation - a single ridge that divides itself into two or more branches
• Converging Ridge - a ridge formation characterized by a closed angular end and serves as a point of Convergence
• Diverging Ridges - two ridges that are flowing side by side and suddenly separating or spreading apart
• Enclosure (Lake or Eyelet) - a ridge that divides into two branches and meets to form the original ridge.
• Ending Ridge - an endpoint of a ridge with an abrupt ending.