Things I need to know probs will be on it

• Urban Growth Rate


  Speed of urban area expansion. Measured by population increase or physical city expansion.
• Rural-to-Urban Migration


  Rural-to-urban migration: Better jobs, education, healthcare. People move from rural areas to urban areas for better opportunities.
• Natural Increase


  H Larger birth rates than death rates. Urban areas experience a natural increase in population due to births exceeding deaths.
• Economic Development


  Economic development: Industrialization and service sector growth. Industrialization and service sector growth contribute to urban growth through job creation and economic opportunities.
• Social Issues


  Overcrowding, crime, social inequality. Urban growth can lead to overcrowding, increased crime rates, and social inequality as different socioeconomic groups compete for limited resources.
• Infrastructure Strain


  Infrastructure strain: Increased demand for transportation, water, and electricity. Urban growth puts a strain on existing infrastructure, leading to congestion, water scarcity, and power outages.
• Housing Shortage


  Lack of affordable housing. Urban growth puts pressure on housing markets, leading to a shortage of affordable housing options.
• Greenfield Sites

  Loss of wildlife habitats, natural beauty. Natural areas and habitats are converted into urban spaces, resulting in the loss of biodiversity and natural beauty.
• Public Transport


  Improving public transport: Efficient, affordable systems reduce congestion. Developing efficient public transport systems can reduce the number of private vehicles on the road, decreasing congestion.
• Cycling and Walking


  Cycling and walking: Safe pathways for non-motorized transport. Creating separate pathways for cyclists and pedestrians promotes safer and more sustainable transportation options.
• Congestion Charges


  Congestion charges: Reduce vehicles in city centers. Charging fees for entering city centers during peak hours can discourage unnecessary travel, reducing the number of vehicles in busy areas.
• Carbon Footprint of Food

  Total greenhouse gases from growing, processing, transporting, and disposing of food. The carbon footprint of food includes emissions from farming practices, transportation, and food waste.
• Food Insecurity


  Lack of reliable access to sufficient, affordable, nutritious food. Food insecurity refers to the lack of reliable access to sufficient, affordable, and nutritious food, leading to hunger, malnutrition, and other related issues.
• Causes of Food Insecurity

  Economic instability: Economic downturns, unemployment, and poverty increase food insecurity. Poor agricultural practices: Inefficient farming practices, land degradation, and climate change affect agricultural productivity and food availability. Climate change: Extreme weather events, droughts, and floods disrupt food systems and availability.
• Organic Farming


  No synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, promoting a more natural and sustainable approach to food production.
• Local Sourcing


  Reduces transportation emissions. Buying locally sourced products reduces the need for long-distance transportation, decreasing emissions and supporting local economies.
• Agroforestry

  Integrates trees/shrubs into farming for biodiversity. Agroforestry involves integrating trees and shrubs into farming systems, promoting biodiversity, soil health, and ecosystem services.
• Intensive Farming


  Maximizes output using advanced techniques. Intensive farming involves using advanced techniques and technologies to maximize crop yields and reduce waste, often through mechanization and precision agriculture.
• Genetically Modified (GM) Crops

  Enhance yield and resistance to pests. GM crops are engineered to have desirable traits such as increased yields, resistance to pests and diseases, and improved nutritional value.
• Hydroponics and Aquaponics


  Soil-less farming methods that save space and water. Hydroponics and aquaponics are soil-less farming methods that use nutrient-rich solutions rather than soil to grow crops, reducing water consumption and increasing yields.
• Water Conservation


  FIXING LEAKS, USING 'GREY' WATER, AND RECYCLING WATER. Implementing efficient water management practices, such as fixing leaks, using 'grey' water for non-potable purposes, and recycling water for agricultural or industrial use, helps conserve this precious resource.
• Pollution Control


  Reducing industrial discharge, treating sewage, and monitoring water bodies. Implementing measures to reduce industrial discharge, treating sewage, and monitoring water bodies helps protect water quality and prevent pollution.
• High-Speed Rail (HS2)


  Reduces travel time between major cities. HS2 is a high-speed rail network connecting major cities in the UK, reducing travel time and increasing connectivity.
• Smart Motorways


  Use technology to manage traffic flow and reduce congestion. Smart motorways use technology such as variable speed limits, traffic cameras, and intelligent lighting to manage traffic flow and reduce congestion on major roads.
• Urban Regeneration Project (Westgate)

  A major redevelopment project. Features: New shopping centers, improved public spaces, and housing. The Westgate redevelopment project in Oxford aims to revitalize a key area of the city center, incorporating new shopping centers, public spaces, and housing.
• Goals


  Boost local economy, create jobs, and enhance urban environment. The ultimate goals of the Westgate redevelopment project are to stimulate the local economy, create jobs, and improve the urban environment for residents and visitors alike.
• Floating School


  A school built on water to adapt to flooding. The Floating School is a unique urban planning solution that addresses the educational needs of children in flood-prone areas. By building a school on water, it provides a sustainable and flexible solution for education in areas prone to flooding.
• Benefits


  Provides education in flood-prone areas, uses sustainable materials, and can be relocated as needed. The Floating School offers several benefits, including providing education in areas where traditional schools are not feasible, using sustainable materials, and being able to relocate the school as needed to adapt to changing flood patterns.