Geography - paper 2 case studies

• Oxford


  Located in South East England, approximately 60 miles northwest of London. Globally renowned for its prestigious University of Oxford, which attracts students and researchers from around the world. A hub for education, research, and high-tech industries.
• Oxford


  • Significant for its prestigious University
  • Hub for education, research, and high-tech industries
• Key economic changes in Oxford

  1. Shift from traditional manufacturing to high-tech industries and education

  2. Increase in jobs related to research, technology, and education
• Main social changes in Oxford

  1. Significant population growth, leading to higher demand for housing and services

  2. Diverse population with a mix of students, professionals, and long-term residents

  3. Rising house prices and increased demand for affordable housing
• Key environmental changes in Oxford

  1. Efforts to preserve and enhance parks and natural areas

  2. Initiatives to reduce air pollution, such as the Low Emission Zone

  3. Projects aimed at promoting renewable energy and reducing carbon footprint
• Housing challenge in Oxford

  High demand for housing leading to increased prices and affordability issues
• Solution to housing challenge in Oxford


  Development of new housing projects and affordable housing schemes
• Traffic congestion challenge in Oxford

  High levels of traffic congestion, particularly in the city center
• Solution to traffic congestion in Oxford


  Investments in public transport, cycling infrastructure, and park-and-ride schemes
• Environmental challenges in Oxford

  Need to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainability
• Solutions to environmental challenges in Oxford

  Introduction of the Low Emission Zone, promotion of cycling, and investment in renewable energy sources
• Public transport improvements in Oxford

  1. Enhanced bus services

  2. Creation of pedestrian zones

  3. Improved cycling infrastructure
• Efforts to improve green spaces in Oxford


  1. Preservation of existing parks

  2. Creation of new green areas to improve urban living
• Renewable energy projects in Oxford

  1. Initiatives to increase the use of solar panels

  2. Investment in wind energy and other renewable sources
• Oxford's approach to sustainable urban development

  1. Introduction of the Low Emission Zone to reduce pollution

  2. Promotion of cycling and walking to reduce traffic congestion

  3. Investment in renewable energy sources to reduce carbon footprint
• Renewable energy source


  Wind turbines
• Water conservation method


  Recycling water used in manufacturing process
• Environmental features at Nissan

  Green spaces
• Shift from secondary to tertiary and quaternary services

  Produces fewer harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases
• Carbon emissions reduction technology

  Carbon Capture and Storage
• Company using solar panels

  Nissan
• Benefits of new technologies in modern factories

  • Improved energy efficiency
  • Reduced emissions
• UK shifting manufacturing overseas


  Damage could be worse if goods are produced in countries with lower environmental regulations
• How new factories and buildings contribute to environmental sustainability

  • Built with better insulation
  • Use recycled materials
  • Reduce energy consumption
  • Reduce waste
• How better insulation in new houses contributes to environmental sustainability

  • Reduces the amount of energy needed to heat them
• Role of Carbon Capture and Storage

  Captures carbon from the air and repurposes it, reducing overall carbon emissions
• Benefits of using renewable energy sources like wind turbines

  • Reduces reliance on fossil fuels
  • Lowers greenhouse gas emissions