Evolution of Sociality

• The belief that a person's intelligence is entirely determined by their genes, without considering other factors like their educational environment, upbringing or personal experiences. This is an example of genetic determinism
• Negative selection of traits establishes a competitive disadvantage in selection and positive establishes a competitive advantage for selection
• Genes that desperately want to appear in subsequent generations can be defined as?

  Selfish Genes
• Competition for resources which will result in ‘selfish genes’
• Bee species have worker bees that do not reproduce but instead dedicate their lives to helping the queen bee reproduce, this is an example of?

  Group level selection pressures
• An organism's genetic success is determined not only by its own reproduction but also by the reproduction of its relatives, this is also called?

  Inclusive fitness
• Natural Selection is a directional force through which traits are selected to enhance survival and reproduction become more common in successive generations.
• Positive and negative selection can be illustrated by?

  Peacocks' elaborate tail feathers and human genetic disorders
• Selfish Genes is the concept that genes are programmed to ensure their own survival across generations.
• Individual-level selection traits are selected to enhance an individual's survival or reproductive success and passed on to future generations.
• Group-Level Selection: The process where traits beneficial for the group or species, even if not beneficial for the individual, get selected.
• Evolution acts at the selection level of the individual not the group-selection
• Worker bees in certain species do not reproduce but help the queen bee reproduce, which aids the survival of the bee colony as a whole, exemplifying group-level selection.
• Ants commit suicide, ensuring the survival of its own genes in the next generation, even if it doesn't reproduce itself, this is an example of?

  Altruism with Selfish Genes
• Kin Selection an evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of an organism's relatives.
• Kin selection is the cognitive behavioural strategy and autism is the behavioural action
• Inclusive Fitness measures an organism's evolutionary success based on the number of its offspring
• Incorporating direct benefits (the organism's own offspring) and indirect benefits (the offspring of relatives) this is an example of inclusive fitness
• Bob doesn't get to eat as much, but he watches for potential predators that could harm his family. Even though Bob might be hungrier than the rest, his sacrifice benefits his whole family, including his brothers, sisters, and cousins, who all share similar genes with him. This is a simple example?

  Inclusive fitness which is a measure of organisms evolutionary success
• Evolution is a change in the frequency of genes in a population over time selected at the individual level