What is true for E. coli is true for the Elephant. - Jacques Monod
Cell - A basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.
Classical/Unified Cell Theory - All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - One of the first to observe microorganisms and microscopic organisms.
Animalcules - Protozoa
Leeuwenhoek Microscope - Consists of 2 flat thin metals and biconvex lenses.
Robert Hooke - Coined the term "cellulae" which was shortened to "cell" for the box-like structures he observed when viewing cork tissue through a lens.
TheodorSchwann - a German physiologist founded modern histology by defining the cell as the basic unit of animal structure
Schwann Cells - a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes covering them in a myelin sheath, and are the major glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system.
Matthias Schleiden - A German botanist who proposed that all plants were made up of cells and that cells came from "free-cell formation"
Rudolph Virchow - "Omnis Cellula e Cellulae"
German Pathologist and statesman, one of the most prominent physicians of the 19th century. He emphasized that diseases arose, not in organs or tissues in general, but primarily in their individual cells.
Robert Remack - German embryologist and neurologist who discovered and named the three germ layers of the early embryo: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and endoderm (1842).
Modern Cell Theory - All living things are made up of cells.
Cytotechnologists and Pathologists -Professionals who study cells via microscopic examination and other laboratory tests. They also examine tissues, check the accuracy of lab tests, and interpret the results
Components of Cells
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosome
Cytoskeleton
Common Components of Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes, vesicles, and vacuoles
Smooth and Rough ER
Golgi Apparatus
Microvilli - Plasma membrane that specializes in absorption that are folded into finger-like projections
Cytoplasma - Consists of 70-80% water, it has a semi-solid consistency due to the organic molecules and other elements
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms
Chromosomes - Structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA, the hereditary material.
The DNA is packaged by special proteins called histones to form chromatin.
Chromatin further condenses to form chromosomes
Chromatin - lower order of DNA organization
Chromosomes - higher order of DNA organization
Ribosomes - Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis and considered as the protein factory of the cell
Microfilaments - the leanest filaments of the cytoskeleton present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells with a diameter of about 5 to 8 nanometers
Microtubules - Polymerized dimer tubulin
Plasma Membrane-Separates cell from external environment and controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, and wastes into and out of the cell
Cytoplasm - provides turgor pressure to plant
cells as fluid inside the central vacuole; site of many metabolic reactions; medium in which organelles are found
Nucleolus - contains genetic materials (DNA)
Nucleus - cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Ribosomes-synthesizes protein
Mitochondria - produce ATP/site of cellular
Peroxisomes-oxidize; and thus, break down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxify poisons
Vesicles and vacuoles - store and transport: perform digestive function in plant cells
Centrosome - source of microtubules in animal cells
Lysosomes - digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles
Cell Wall - protects; serves as structural support, and maintains cell shape
Chloroplast-containschlorophyll
Endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids