BIO gihapon

• Diffusion


  The passive movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. This happens along a concentration gradient

  
• Osmosis


  A passive movement of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane. Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

  
• Active Transport


  An active movement where an input of energy is required. Particles move from low concentration to high concentration

  
• Facilitated Diffusion


  A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.

  
• Isotonic Solution


  The same concentration of dissolved substances. Water in = water out.

  
• Hypertonic Solution


  Higher concentration of solutes outside cell than inside

  
• Plasmolyse

  When a cell has shrunk
• Hypotonic Solution


  A cell has more solute inside than outside.

  
• Turgid


  Cell may explode under pressure due to a hypotonic solution.
• Exocytosis


  Movement out of a cell

  
• Endocytosis


  Movement into a cell

  
• Lysosome


  A vesicle that contains destructive/digestive chemicals

  
• Pinocytosis

  A form of endocytosis where a cell engulfs liquid into the cell.
• Phagocytosis

  A form of endocytosis where a cell engulfs solids into a cell
• Scientific question

  Questions that can be answered by using experiments and factual reasoning.

  
• Biology


  The study of living organisms and how they function.

  
• Scientific Method


  A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

  
• Hypothesis


  1st part of the scientific method

  
• experimental design


  Experimental design refers to how participants are allocated to the different conditions (or IV groups) in an experiment.

  
• variable

  factors that are kept constant or unchanging.

  
• observation

  The process of studying of something to gain information.

  
• inference

  A conclusion made up of facts and inferring knowledge.

  
• conclusion

  The final ending or idea of a process

  
• prediction


  A statement about the hypothesis

  
• qualitative observations


  detailed examination with your senses only

  
• quantitative observations


  measuring something with numbers

  
• homeostasis


  Balancing human or any living organisms

  
• metabolism


  The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life

  
• heredity


  The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring.

  
• Golgi apparatus

  packages proteins from the ER and materials and sends them to other parts of the cell
• Smooth ER


  network or tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell with a smooth surface; functions in a variety of different metabolic processes such as synthesis of lipids, oils, phospholipid and steroids; process drugs, alcohol, and store calcium ions
• Rough ER


  network of tubular membanes within the cytoplasm of the cell with a rough surface (ribosomes are attached to it); helps the ribosomes make proteins, such as insulin
• Organelles

  tiny structures within the cell that carry out specific functions
• plasma membrane


  forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings; made if phospholipids
• nucleus

  oval-shaped organelle that contains DNA and controls much of the cell's activities by directing protein synthesis
• mitochondrion

  carries out cellular respiration; rod-shaped organelle that makes energy for the cell to function with; converts the energy stored in food to energy the cell can use (ATP); "powerhouse" of cell
• nucleolus


  nuclear subdomain that assembles ribosomal subunits in eukaryotic cells; makes rRNA to form the subunits of ribosomes, which then exit to the cytoplasm
• chromatin


  complex of DNA and proteins that form within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells; directs the cells' functions
• vacuole


  sac-like organelle that holds water, food and organisms; can also store waste products until removed
• chloroplast


  green structure that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to energy that cells can use in making food.