Substantive Law Areas

• Tort Law 


  Protects rights from intrusions and invasions. A tort can be divided into three groups:

  1. Intentional: Where intentional conduct is alleged and proven.
  2. Negligence: Where there is an act or commission that is below a reasonable standard of care. This is met through four elements.
  3. Strict Liability: If there is harm in certain circumstances then the party that caused the harm is legally liable. This is me through three elements.
• What are the four elements to prove negligence tort?

  1. standard of care
  2. duty of care
  3. causation
  4. damage.
• What are the three elements to prove strict liability tort?

  1. a special or unusual use of land
  2. involves something likely to cause damage if it escapes, and
  3. an escape causing damage.
• Tort is a civil matter, a civil case, a private law case has to be proven by the plaintiff on what matters?

  Standard Proof: Called the balance of probabilities and "50% plus 1" – the chance of the proposition be true is more than 50%.
• Public Law


  Deals with the state and its state actors. Governs the relation between people and state.
• Private Law


  Deals with the relations between individuals.