impact on UK population structure

• population size growing


  -net migration high with more immigrants than emigrants

  -natural increase due to births exceeding deaths

  > births to UK born mothers remains low
• age structure


  immigration lowers average age of population

  -directly: immigrants generally younger

  -indirectly: younger = more fertile so producing more babies
• dependency ratio


  immigration has 3 effects:

  1 - immigrants more likely to be working age > lowering dependency ratio & older migrants return to their country for retirement

  2 - as younger, immigrants have more children > increasing ratio

  > will join work later in life and decrease ratio again

  3 - the longer a group is settled in a country = closer their fertility rate comes to national average > reducing overall impact on dependency ratio