Microbes

• The 3 Shapes of Bacteria?

  Bacilli (rods), Cocci (spheres), Spirilla (spirals)
• Bacteria are single-celled and can be filamentous or colonial
• Bacteria can be identified by gram staining
• Gram positive: Stain purple, thick walled

  Gram negative: stain pink, thin walled, have an outer cell membrane, some are resistant to antibiotics
• Archaeans are often adapted to extreme environments.

  They are known as Extremophiles and Methanogens
• Name the Extremophiles:

  Adapted to environments up to 90 degrees Celcius? Thermophiles

  
  

  Adapted to acidic environments? Acidophiles

  
  

  Adapted to high pH levels? Alkaphiles

  
  

  Methanogens use CO2 and release methane
• Name the 4 forms of Prokaryotic nutrition:

  photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoautotroph, chemoheterotroph
• Photoautotrophs:

  Energy from light and uses carbon dioxide to produce their own organic molecules.

  for example, Cyanobacteria
• Photoheterotrophs:

  Energy from light and uses organic compounds.
• Chemoautotrophs:

  Nutrition from non-biological sources, primarily using sulphur and methane.

  They are non photosynthetic.

  Found in extreme environments
• Chemoheterotrophs:

  Use organic compounds for energy and carbon.

  Play key roles in decomposition, nutrient cycles and pollution control
• A microbe is? Anything too small to see with the naked eye.
• What are all known as microbes?

  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaeans
  3. Viruses
• Prokaryotes have NO:

  1. membrane-bound organelles
  2. mitochondria
  3. endoplasmic reticulum
  4. chloroplasts