SUBCLASS PULMONATA

• Body projectile- or sac-shaped.
• Shells orthoconic, cyrtoconic, or rarely

  coiled. With 8 to 10 arms supplied with

  suckers or barbs surrounding the mouth.
• Possess highly developed eyes
• Order Sepiida

  • cuttlebone (aragonitic or calcareous)
• Order Sepiida

  • believed to have evolved from belemnites
• Order Sepiida

  • Distinct shape pupil in bright light and circular in darkness
• Order Sepiida

  • with parrot-like beak and long lateral fins used for maneuvering at high speeds
• Order Sepiida

  • can alter its color and pattern at any time (camouflage, communication); large brain to body size ratio
• Order Sepiida

  • can alter its color and pattern at any time (camouflage, communication); large brain to body size ratio

  
• Order Sepiida

  • In the case of cuttlefish, the use of their very long tentacles in catching prey is documented
• Order Sepiida

  • Sometimes, these tentacles are retracted to specialized pouches in the head region
• Order Sepiida

  • Once they locate the prey visually, they will aim their tentacles and rapidly shoot them to capture the prey.
• Order Sepiida

  • Hetocotylus - Their left fourth arm serves as the cuttlefish’s hetocotylus.
• Order Sepiida

  • They also have denticulated suckers
• Order Sepiida

  • Their cuttlebone or calcareous endoskeleton is used to control buoyancy.
• They can easily change their colors due

  to chromatophores (They camouflage)

  
• Family Sepiadariidae

  • Bottletail squids
  • short, 2-4 cm
• Family Sepiadariidae

  • Benthic (found in the bottom sediments of a sear or any body of water)
  • striking color patterns
• What is shown?

  • Sepiadarium austrinum

  
• What is shown?

  • Sepioloidea lineolata

  
• What is shown?

  • Sepiadarium kochi

  
• Family Sepiolidae (Order Sepiolida)

  • small, 1–10 cm, broad
  • rounded posterior mantle
• Family Sepiolidae

  • earlike fins
  • benthic (bottom) or pelagic (open ocean)
• What is shown?

  • Heteroteuthis hawaiiensis

  
• What is shown?

  • Sepiola atlantica, bobtail squid

  
• Order Teuthida

  • Rodlike
  • chitinous gladius (plastic shells)
• Order Teuthida

  • Chromatophores
  • Some bioluminescent; ink gland - they use their ink to evade predators
• What is shown?

  • Uroteuthis sp.

  
• What is shown?

  • Loligo chinensis

  
• What is shown?

  • Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Bigfin reef squid)

  
• Order Vampyromorphida

  • Commonly known as V ampire squid
  • Because it has big eyes with small body
• Order Vampyromorphida

  • 1 foot in length
  • eyes 2.5 cm in diameter
  • temperate & tropical
  • 600-1,200 m depth
• What is shown?

  • Vampyroteuthis infernalis

  
• Order Spirulida

  • Chambered and small
  • Represented by Spirula spirula
• What is shown?

  • Spirula spirula

  
• Family Octopodidae (Order Octopoda)

  • Its arms have suckers
  • The base of its arms are broad then gradually tapering at the end.
• What is shown?

  • Octopus vulgaris

  
• What is shown?

  Hapalochlaena lunulata (Blue-ringed octopus)

  
• Hapalochlaena lunulata (Blue-ringed octopus)

  • Live in tide pools in the Pacific ocean, from Japan to Australia, currently recognized as one of the world's most venomous animals.
• Hapalochlaena lunulata (Blue-ringed octopus)

  • They produce tetrodotoxin (also produced by puffer fishes).