acid base and salt 1

• Acid


  • pH less than 7
  • Neutralizes bases
  • Forms H+ ions in solution
  • Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas
  • Good conductors of electricity
• Base


  • pH greater than 7
  • Feels slippery
  • Dissolves fats and oils
  • Usually forms OH- ions in solution
  • Neutralizes acids
• Weak Acidsdo not ionize

  • Acetic
  • Boric
  • Nitrous
  • Phosphoric
  • Sulfurous
• Strong Acidsionize

  • Hydrochloric
  • Nitric
  • Sulfuric
  • Hydriodic
• Common Acids


  • HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid
  • H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries
  • HNO3 – nitric acid - explosives
  • HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar
  • H2CO3- carbonic acid – sodas
  • H3PO4- phosphoric acid -flavorings
• Weak Bases

  • ammonia
  • potassium carbonate
  • sodium carbonate
• Strong Bases

  • sodium hydroxide
  • sodium phosphate
  • barium hydroxide
  • calcium hydroxide
• Common Bases


  • NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner
  • Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide - antacids
  • Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants
  • NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- "ammonia"
• Arrhenius acid


  Produces hydrogen ions in water
• Arrhenius base


  Produce hydroxide ions in water
• Bronsted-Lowry acid


  Donates a hydrogen ion in a reaction
• Bronsted-Lowry base


  Accepts a hydrogen in a reaction
• Conjugate acid


  Compound formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion
• Conjugate base


  Compound formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion
• pH of common substances
• pH paper


  Changes color to indicate a specific pH value
• Buffer


  A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added
• Situations in which pH is controlled

  • "Heartburn"
  • Planting vegetables and flowers
  • Fish Tanks and Ponds
  • Blood
  • Swimming pools
• Acid + Base reaction


  Yields type of salt and water
• Acid rain is formed when pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids
• Rapid changes in pH can kill fish and other organisms in lakes and streams, and affect soil pH which can kill plants and create sinkholes
• Salt


  A neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base, composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base
• Neutralization reaction


  The reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water
• Digestion

  1. Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth)

  2. Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules (stomach and small intestines)
• pH in the digestive system: Mouth-pH around 7, Saliva contains amylase which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars. Stomach- pH around 2, Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin. Small intestine-pH around 8, Most digestion ends, Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them