Ut functions - latin

• Functions of UT

  • Adverb
  • Subordinate conjunction
• UT as Adverb

  Meaning: as, how, like, in the same way/manner
• UT as Adverb of manner

  • Can be used alone or in correlation with sic or ita
• UT as Subordinate conjunction

  Can have either the Indicative or the Subjunctive
• UT + Indicative


  1. Temporal clauses (when, at the time, while, after, etc.)

  2. Comparative-Manner clauses (as, like, how)

  3. Causative clauses (because, given that, etc.)
• UT + Subjunctive


  1. Object clauses -> clauses that “complete” the meaning of the verb by being in a way its direct object

  2. Purpose clauses ->

  UT = positive meaning

  NE = negative meaning

  It works only with present or imperfect subjunctive (= action can be only contemporaneous)

  3. Consecutive clauses -> (ut....ita/ ita...ut)

  These clauses have subjunctive BUT they don’t follow the consecutio temporum: so we will translate the subjunctive in the indicative of the same tense

  4. Concessive clauses -> UT + subjunctive that follows consecution temporum