cloning

• tissue culture 


  using small groups of cells from part of a plant to grow identical new plants. this is important for preserving rare plant species or commercially in plant nurseries
• cuttings 


  an older but simple method used by gardeners to produce many identical new plants form a parent plant. can be produced quickly and cheaply
• embryo transplants


  splitting apart cells from a developing animal embyro before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers
• adult cell cloning

  1. the nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
  2. the nucleus from a n adult body cell, such as skin cell, is inserted into the egg cell
  3. an electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo
  4. these embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult skin cell
  5. when the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue development