Contraception and assisted reproductive technology

• Male condom

  • Placed over the penis to prevent sperm from entering the agina and it is 98% effective.
• Female Diaphragm or cap

  • It is placed over the cervix prevnting the sperm from reaching the uterus and it is 92%-96% effective.
• Mini pill

  • Stimulates the production of thick cervical mucus which prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
  • Inhibits LH so it prevents ovulation
  • More than 99% effective
• Asisited reproductive technology: Clomifene Therapy

  • It causes the production of FSH and lH
  • LH causes the ovulation and FSH causes the follicle to mature
  • Disadv - multiple pregnancy occurs, weight gain, headache
• Asisted Reproductive Technology - (In Vitro Fertilisation)

  • An egg is removed from the woman and a sperm from a man. They are combined for fertilisation to occur. A healthy embryo is implanted in the uterus.
  • Overcomes the problems of blocked oviduct or very few healthy sperm.
• Menopause

  • Women are born with a finite number of egg cells and in the late year they will not be able to produce egg cell.
  • Low level of oestrogen means LH is not released. Low LH level means ovulation does not occur