1. An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force
2. An object in motion continues to move with the same velocity unless acted by an unbalanced force
Inertia
An inherent property of an object to resist change
Inertia
It is independent of external force and it is mass dependent
Massive objects
Greater Inertia
Smaller objects
Lesser Inertia
External forces
Normal force
Gravitational force
This behaviour of how a body changes in motion can be demonstrated by Newton's Law of Inertia
Newton's first law of motion
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues to move with the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Inertia
An inherent property of an object to resist change in motion. It is independent of external force and is mass dependent.
Motion types
Greater inertia
Smaller inertia
Triangle
Minimal force
External forces
Gravitational force
An object at rest will remain at rest AND an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by unbalanced forces
Newton's law of inertia
Demonstrates how a body changes in motion
Newton's second law of motion
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force on it and inversely proportional to its mass
Mass
The amount of force that would give a small mass an acceleration of 1 m/s²
Weight is the force due to gravity
A net force of 15 N is applied on an encyclopedia
It accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s
Newton's third law of motion (law of interaction)
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Examples of Newton's third law
Bird flying (wings push air down, air pushes bird up)
Dribbling a ball (hand applies force to ball, ground applies equal force upwards)
Newton's third law applies regardless of friction or air resistance
Work
The change in energy done by an object. Work is done when a force is applied to an object causing it to move in the direction of the force.
The unit of work is the Joule, named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule
Cell
Smallest unit of all living organisms
Cell origin
Comes from pre-existing cells
Parts of a cell
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Animal cells
Circular
Plant cells
Rectangular
Parts of the cell
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear membrane
Lysosome
Centriole
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Chromosomes
Golgi apparatus
Cell division
Biological process for the creation of daughter cells from parent cells
Cell cycle
Series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides
Mitosis
Type of cell division that occurs in all other cells in the body
Meiosis
Type of cell division that occurs in the egg cells and sperm cells (sex cells)
Karyokinesis
Division of cell nucleus during mitosis
Cytokinesis
Division of cytoplasm at the end of mitosis or meiosis