BIOSPHERE - The region on, above, and below the Earth'ssurface where life exists. Includes all living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) organisms.
ABIOGENESIS - Suggests that life initially developed from nonliving materials
Theory of Spontaneous Generation • Some animals were spontaneously created from non-living substances
“Primordial Soup” • Alexander Oparin (1900s) • Simple elements -> complex elements • Amino acids
JeanBaptiste Lamarck: Theory of Use and Disuse - If the environment changes, behavior will change.
LeanBaptisteLamarck - Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics • Changes in anatomy are inheritable
CharlesDarwin - Geographiclocation was a determining factor for characteristics of species.
“Survival of the fittest” • Coined by Herbert Spencer • All descendant of a progenitor are modified
FOSSILRECORD - Providesclues on howcreaturesevolved, how the environment changed, and how creatures are related to one another. Through Radiometric dating
FOSSILRECORD - The number of speciesknown about through fossils is less than 1% of all species that have ever lived • Romer’s Gap
MILLER-UREYEXPERIMENT - Simulation in 1953 that attempted to replicate the conditions of Earth’s early atmosphere and hydrosphere
HYDROTHERMALVENTS - Similar to geysers or hot springs. Occur along mid-ocean ridges. As pressure builds, it dissolves minerals and rise towards the surface. Seawater becomes super heated by magma.
Black Smokers - Emit the hottest, darkestplumes • High in sulfur
White Smoker - Emit coolerplumes • Rich in Barium, Calcium, and Silicon.
Seeps • Vents with even cooler and weakerflows • “Shimmery” due to temperature or bubble due to gases such as carbon dioxide
PANSPERMIA - Suggests that lifecamefromoutsideEarth. Carried to Earth via meteoroids or other space bodies.
PANSPERMIA:
Heavily debated
No signs of life elsewhere.
Bacteria should be coming from nearby space bodies