green crime

• transgressive

  looking at the wider definitions of crime such as the harm that the crime cause not just breaking of state laws
• Anthropocentric

  harm to the environment from the perspective of humanity

  Pollution = damages human water supply or cause diseases that are expensive to overcome

  climate change = impact on people and the economic cost of dealing with it
• Ecocentric

  harm to any aspect of the environment as harm to all of it

  Animal cruelty or the destruction of habitats
• Globalisation links to green crime because environmental crimes are global crimes and a crime in one geographical location can have knock-on effects across the planet
• Green crime is hard to police because..

  • an act can be done in one geographical location and not be considered a crime but have an affect on another geographical area where the act is a crime
  • it can be difficult to identify who is to blame for the crime
• definitions of green crime

  • traditional criminology
  • transgressive criminology
  • global and manufactured risk
• definitions of green crime - traditional criminology

  • SITU AND EMMONS - "an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law or state or nation" in a similar way to other crimes traditional criminology looks at patterns and causes of law-breaking
  • would not consider global warming or acid rain as crime - don't break laws
• definitions of green crime - transgressive criminology

  • looks more at the harm that certain acts cause in order to determine criminality
  • WHITE - green crime is any action that harms the physical environment and or human/non-human animals within it even if no law has been broken
• definitions of green crime - global and manufactured risk

  • BECK - in today's society we can now provide resources for all in the developing world and yet the massive increase in technology creates new manufactured risks which cause harm to the environment and have consequences for humans
  • green house gasses caused by manufacturing - global warming which is global in nature
• types of green crime - SOUTH

  • primary green crime
  • secondary green crime
• types of green crime - SOUTH

  Primary green crime

  • crime that are the direct result of the destruction and degradation of the earths resources
  • Air pollution, deforestation, species decline, animal abuse, water pollution
• types of green crime - SOUTH

  secondary green crime

  • crime that result out of the flouting of rules aimed at preventing or regulation environmental disasters
  • state violence against environmental groups, hazardous waste and organised crime, environmental discrimination
• victims of green crime - WOLF

  • those in the developing world, poor and ethnic minorities are more likely to be victims of environmental crimes due to inability to move from the areas where toxic dumping takes place
• perpetrators of green crime - WOLF

  • individuals
  • businesses
  • governments
  • organised crime
• perpetrators of green crime - WOLF

  individuals

  • have a cumulative effect on the environment, their acts may not have immediate impact but soon add up
  • littering
• perpetrators of green crime - WOLF

  businesses

  • environmental crime is a typical form of corporate crime, large corporations are responsible for the majority or the water, air and land pollution due to waste dumping and health and safety breaches
• perpetrators of green crime - WOLF

  governments

  • SANTANA - the military are the biggest institutional polluter through unexploded bombs and lasting effects of toxic chemicals
• perpetrators of green crime - WOLF

  organised crimes

  • longstanding relationship with green crime often in collusion with governments and industry through contracts for waste disposal
• green crime AO3

  • it is very difficult to study green crime as there is not an agreed definition
  • it is also difficult to assess the impact of green crime as it can be a long-term impact
  • based on case studies
  • green crime can be accompanies by greater value judgements due to lack of agreed definitions