Feedback

• Feedback


  Information received during or after a performance about the performance
• Intrinsic/kinaesthetic


  From within
• Intrinsic feedback


  Feedback that the performer receives from within their proprioceptors (state of muscle contraction, balance, speed of contraction joint position etc.)
• Extrinsic feedback


  Feedback received from outside through senses such as vision and hearing, and often given by a coach, crowd, teachers, teammates etc.
• Positive feedback


  Received when the performer or performance technique was successful, used to reinforce the correct action e.g. praise, may be intrinsic or extrinsic, used to motivate
• Negative feedback


  Received after unsuccessful/incorrect performance, can be internal or external, used to stop action being repeated, used with more advanced/autonomous performers
• Knowledge of performance


  Internal (kinaesthesis) about feel of the movement, movement pattern rather than outcome, can be internal or provided by a coach
• Knowledge of results


  Feedback about the outcome of a movement - its success or otherwise, external feedback gained via our senses/given by others, vital for learning
• Concurrent/continuous


  Received during performance, most often internal feedback from proprioceptors but can also be from a coach
• Terminal


  Given after a performance has been completed, extrinsic, can be used with cognitive/autonomous learners, may be delayed
• How to ensure feedback is effective: relevant, according to ability, limited (3 points) do not overload, accurate and specific, brief, immediate, allow time to digest information, don't over use-reliant, appropriate goals/targets