History SEM2

• Ummah


  Historical understanding based on the community of believers in Islam
• Dynastic narrative


  Historical understanding based on the ruling dynasties
• The Republic of Turkey was a state founded on the principles of nationalism
• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: '"History is the most accurate guide that shows what a nation is capable of and what it is capable of achieving."'
• Establishment of the Turkic Studies Institute


  1. Examine and research Turkish culture and civilization in the fields of language, literature and folklore

  2. Publish the results
• Development of the Turkish History Thesis

  1. Investigate pre-Islamic Turkish history

  2. Emphasize that Turkish history does not consist only of Seljuk and Ottoman history
• Establishment of the Turkish Historical Research Society


  1. Conduct studies revealing the historical roots of the Turkish Nation

  2. Investigate the elements that the Turks brought to world civilization
• First Turkish History Congress in Ankara in 1932


  1. Discuss and accept the Turkish History Thesis

  2. Conclude that Turkish history goes back to ancient times and the Turkish nation influenced the civilizations of the nations it came into contact with
• Turkish history is not limited to Ottoman history, but goes back much further, and the Turks established brilliant civilizations, took them to the countries where they spread, and influenced other civilizations with their culture
• Ottoman Turkish


  The Turkish language during the Ottoman period, which had become a language in which Arabic and Persian words were used extensively
• Establishment of the Turkish Language Research Society (Turkish Language Association) in 1932


  1. Reveal the richness of the Turkish Language

  2. Demonstrate that Turkish, which borrows words from other languages, also brings words to other languages
• Atatürk's view on art


  "A nation without art means that one of its lifeblood has been damaged"
• Establishment of the Ankara Music Teacher's School in 1924


  Improve and teach Turkish Music with western musical scales and instruments
• Rehabilitation of the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory in 1930


  Improve and teach Turkish Music with western musical scales and instruments
• Opening of a conservatory in Ankara in 1935


  Improve and teach Turkish Music with western musical scales and instruments
• Atatürk respected theater actors and said, "Gentlemen, you can all be members of parliament, deputies, even presidents, but you cannot be artists."
• Establishment of the Directorate of Fine Arts within the Ministry of Education

  1. Organize studies in painting and sculpture

  2. Send a limited number of students abroad for training in painting and sculpture
• The reforms made in the social field were conducted to bring order to social life, to create a social life at Western standards and to prevent chaos in relations with the West
• Fez


  Symbol of the East
• Hat


  Symbol of Western civilization
• Atatürk: '"We must be civilized people in every respect. Our thoughts and mentality will be civilized from head to toe. Civilized and internationally accepted clothing is a worthy clothing for our nation. We will wear it."'
• Atatürk: '"There is no need to research and revive the Turanian costume. Civilized clothing is a worthy outfit for us too."'
• Enactment of the Hat Law on November 25, 1925


  Forbidden to wear robes and turbans and to walk around the streets like that except for clergy
• Atatürk did not directly intervene in women's clothing, but Anatolian Peasant women gradually reduced the use of chadors and veils over time
• Lodges


  Religious and cultural centers where members of the sect lived and where the principles and traditions of the sect were taught
• Zawiya


  Smaller lodges
• Atatürk: '"Looking for help from the dead is a disgrace for a civilized society... Gentlemen and O Nation, know that the Republic of Turkey cannot be the land of sheikhs, dervishes, disciples and madmen. The most accurate and true cult is the cult of civilization!"'
• Enactment of the law on November 30, 1925

  1. Closure of lodges, zawiyas and tombs

  2. Prohibition of the use of certain titles
• Adoption of the Gregorian calendar on December 26, 1925


  Abolish the Islamic and Rumi calendars
• Enactment of the law in 1935

  Make Sunday, instead of Friday, a public holiday
• Enactment of the Surname Law on June 21, 1934


  1. Give each family a surname

  2. Prohibit the use of titles that kept the old social structure alive
• The Turkish Grand National Assembly gave the surname "Atatürk" to Gazi Mustafa Kemal