Ireland

• irish catholics


  native Gaelic speaking Irish population
• catholic old English


  catholics descended from original English settlers
• protestant new English


  protestants descended from English settlers after the reformation
• Presbyterian Scots


  based in plantation of Ulster in the north of Ireland
• Thomas Wentworth 


  lord deputy of Ireland in 1632
• Thomas Wentworth success 


  enhanced the authority of the English crown and church over the Irish and allowed the English to profit more off of Ireland by increasing customs duty
• Thomas Wentworth opinions on Charles

  he believed Charles should be an absolutist monarch and that makes him a threat to parliament
• when was the Irish rebellion

  1641
• irish rebellion 1641 


  protestants in Ireland saw laudianism as too close to catholicism and felt threatened

  presbytarian Scots influence and control over Scotland threatened catholic Ireland

  the Irish wanted to prevent radical outsiders who wanted imposition of Protestant rules

  - Irish rebelling against protestant/English rule
• Irish catholics army (CW1)

  'confederates'

  Owen Roe O'Niell

  - they want a single independent Ireland under catholicism
• who was lord Ormond and what were his beliefs

  he was Charles' key advisor in Ireland who lead the protestant army

  - irish, royal and supportive of Charles no matter what
• what did protestant army do in September 1634

  Charles orders a ceasefire with confederates and transports 22,000 Irish troops to England to fight for him (puritans suggest these are catholic and even though they are not, causes tension)
• protestant army (CW1)


  wanted to protect the pale and the king's interests

  anglican - say they will change the church to Presbyterian but never do
• Presbyterian army (CW1)


  protestant army in ulster

  scottish convenantors supported by English parliament after an alliance in 1643

  Montrose. Irish rebellion. James' plantation policy
• why can the protestant and presbyterians not become official allies?

  they are supported by king vs parliament who were at war in england

  - they make a truce not to attach each other
• how do the puritans make it seem like Charles suggests catholic rule in 1643?

  Charles needed troops to fight in England and brought 22,000 Irish troops

  - the puritans suggest that these are catholics even though they are Anglican
• Ormond and O'Neill's treaty 1646


  Ormond realises he could not win but instead of retreating made a peace treaty with Owen Roe O'Neill, leader of the confederates.
• how did Ormond and O'Neill's treaty 1646 benefit the Irish?

  a peace treaty left O'Neill free to attack scottish covenanters in North of Ireland
• Battle of Banburb


  O'Neill defeats Scottish Covenanters and wins Irish independence.

  - the Irish had no interest in England and didn't support parliament or Charles as their aim for independence had been completed
• why was the Irish independence a blow to Charles

  they had no interest in Charles or fighting for him as he had expected them too which caused a blow as he was losing in 1646