Significance testing

• What is anova

  Analysis of variance
• What are the groups of significance testing

  Parametric and non-parametric
• What does non-parametric test

  Frequencies
• What are the types of parametric tests

  T-tests and ANOVA
• What do parametric tests compare

  Means and variances
• Describe a t-test

  It is used to make comparisons between 2 sample means or a sample mean and population mean.
• What sample size do t-tests work best with

  Small [~ 30].
• What is a one sample t-test

  When you have a single sample compared to a fixed sample.

  Each subject appears once within a population.
• What is a paiired/related t-test

  When two observations are made on the same sample subject.

  This can be used to study a change in time or conditions.

  Each subject appears in each sample.
• What is an independent/unpaired/two-samples t-test

  Investigates if there is a difference between two samples under the same conditions.
• Eqaution for one-sample t-test

  [X bar - Fixed value] / Standard error of the mean
• Equation for standard error fo the mean

  Sample standard deviation / Square root of n.
• Degrees of freedom for one-sample t-test

  n - 1
• Equation for paired t-test

  Mean difference / Standard error of the differences
• Standard error fo the differences equation

  The square root of [ Standard deviation squared / N + Standard deviation squared / N].
• Degrees of freedom for paired t-test

  N - 1
• unpaired t-test equation

  [ Mean - Mean ] / Standard error of the difference
• Degrees of freedom for unpaired t-test

  N + N -2
• What is the name of the statistic in an anova

  F
• What does an anova do

  Calculates the variability between samples and within samples.
• What are the types of anovas

  One-way and repeated-measures
• Describe a one-way ANOVA

  Used to compare factors in 2 independent samples.
• Describe a repeated measures ANOVA

  Compares dependent subjects under different conditions.
• How many factors are in a one-way anova

  1
• How many factors are in a two-way anova

  2
• What is a confidence interval of 95%

  It means you have a 5% chance of rejecting the null hypothesis incorrectly.
• What is desegrated data

  This is data which is split into categories
• How do you determine where the variability is in an ANOVA

  Use a post-hoc test such as a Turkey test.
• What assumption does the turkey test make

  It assumes the variances are equal
• What are the types of chi squared tests

  Association and goodness of fit
• What is a chi-squared goodness of fit test

  It determines if the data fits your expectations.
• Eqaution for a chi-squared

  
  

  The sum of [Observed - Expected] squared / Expected
• What does chi-squared goodness of fit test calculate

  An error score
• What does a chi squared test of association mean

  It calculates the independence of two variables on a single population
• What is the degrees of freedom 


  This is the number of categories for your observations
• Df for chi squared goodness of fit

  n - 1
• Df for chi squared test of association

  Df for column * Df for rows