Transport & nutrient requirements

• Autotrophs


  Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis
• Heterotrophs

  Gain their food from other organisms.
• Xylem 


  transport water and dissolved minerals, roots to leaves, only upwards, dead, hollow cells
• phloem 


  trasports photosynthesis products around plant, anywhere in plant, live cells, companion cells, sieve tube cells
• Leaves


  absorb light, exchange gases, transpiration, carry out photosynthesis
• Stomates


  exchange gases CO2 and O2
• Gas exchange structure in plants


  through stomata, light opens and closes stomata
• Heterotrophs Gas exchange

  1. large surface area 2. thin 3. close to transport system 4. concentration gradient (diffusion).
• Mammals 


  use Alveoli in lungs as gas exchange.
• fish 


  gils gas exchange
• transpiration-cohesion-tension theory


  evaportion causes suction pull of water stems to roots
• cohesion 


  cohesive forces water molecules together because they're polar always attracted to eachother.
• adhesion


  adhesive forces between water and xylem walls cause water to rise up.
• Closed circulatory system


  made up of blood vessels which are sealed, transports nutrients and oxygen to all cells and waste away. known as cardiovascular system, driving mechanism the heart to move blood.
• Open circulatory system


  made of one or more hearts and have open ended vessels. heart pumps to cavity surrounding organs and returned to heart through special opening.
• insects


  exchange gas through pores called spiracles, leading to tracheal tubes. bring air directly to to and from cells.
• digestion


  breaks down food into particles to be absorbed.
• physical digestion


  physical break down of food with teeth an stomach.
• chemical digestion


  enzymes break own large to small molecules
• digestive nutrients

  proteins-amino acids carbohydrates -> sugars lipids -> glycoerols and fatty acids
• how do the small intestines absorbs nutrients well

  villi and its large surface area
• where is water and minerals aborbed?

  in from the large intestine into blood stream
• what are the main function of digestion?

  to absorbs nutrients and water needed for cells to function.
• what do heterotrophs and autotrophs require.

  require inorganic, organic, water and oxygen gas.
• how do heterotrophs get their requirements for gas and nutrients

  take in all nutrients
• how do autotrophs get their requirement for gas and nutrients

  they produce their own nutrients through photosynthesis Burt need to obtain water, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
• how does blood composition change

  changes as it moves around the body and what organ it got to
• what happens as the blood goes through organs expect lungs?

  the blood loses oxygen and gain carbon dioxide.
• what happens when blood goes through lungs?

  the blood gains oxygen and loses carbon dioxide