OCR law - battery

• what is battery?

  the application of unlawful force to another person, intending either to apply unlawful physical force to another or being reckless as to whether unlawful force is applied
• AR of battery

  application of unlawful force to another person.

  force is a misleading word, as it can include:

  the slightest touching- collins v wilcock

  touching a victims clothing- r v thomas

  wood v DPP
• Continuing act

  battery may be committed through a continuing act

  Fagan v metropolitan police commissioner
• indirect act

  battery can also be committed through an indirect act

  DPP v k
• omission

  omission is rare

  DPP v santa-bermudez
• battery without an assault

  can be battery without assault

  can occur when the v is unaware that unlawful force is about to be used on them
• MR of battery

  either:

  an intention to apply unlawful physical force to another

  or

  subjective recklessness as to whether unlawful force is applied