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• Organic compounds contain carbon and are found in all living things
• Organic molecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acids
• Carbohydrates


  Major source of energy, include sugars and starches, made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, plants and animals use carbohydrates for maintaining structure within the cells
• Proteins


  Nitrogen-containing compounds made up of chains of amino acids, 20 amino acids can combine to form a great variety of protein molecules, can compose enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural components
• Lipids


  Water-insoluble (fats and oils), made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, composed of glycerol and fatty acid, provide insulation, store energy, cushion internal organs, found in biological membranes, saturated (with hydrogen, single bonds) and unsaturated (double bonds)
• Nucleic Acids


  Direct the instruction of proteins, genetic information an organism receives from its parents, two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
• Cell Organelles


  • Chloroplast
  • Golgi Body
  • Lysosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosome
  • Vacuole
  • Cell (plasma) membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Cell Types


  • Unicellular
  • Multicellular
  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote
• Cell Theory


  • The cell is the basic unit of life
  • All organisms are composed of cells
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells
• Cell specialization: cells >>>> tissues >>>> organs >>>> organ systems >>>> organism, each cell performs a specific function for each tissue or organ, as cells mature, they shape and contents change, as cells become specialized they may contain organelles that are NOT common to all cells, design and shape of a cell is dictated by its function and the conditions under which it works, multicellular organisms exhibit greater cellular specialization, such as red blood cells, nerve cells, and gland cells