Research on C-D forgetting

• What were the four conditions in Godden and Baddeley's study?

  1 . Learn on land -> recall on land

  2 . Learn on land -> recall underwater

  3 . Learn underwater -> recall on land

  4. Learn underwater -> recall underwater
• Who did Godden and Baddeley study?

  Deep-sea divers
• What were the divers asked to do in Godden and Baddeley's study?

  Learn a list of words either underwater or on land and were asked to recall them either underwater or on land
• How much lower was recall when environments of learning and recall didn't match in Godden and Baddeley's study?

  40%
• When was recall lower in Godden and Baddeley's study?

  When the environments of learning and recall didn't match
• What did Godden and Baddeley conclude?

  Retrieval failure occurs when external cues at learning are different to those at recall
• Who did research into context-dependent forgetting?

  Godden and Baddeley
• Who found smell can act as a context-related cue?

  Waskett
• What did Waskett find could act as a context-dependent cue?

  Smell
• Who found chewing gum is a context-dependent cue and can improve recall?

  Baker et al.
• What did Baker et al. find was a context-dependent cue and can improve recall?

  Gum