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• Two general fields of learning

  • The Sciences - deals with natural, physical phenomena
  • The Humanities - deals with human phenomena

  
• Thinkers whose thoughts were the basis of method in the Humanities

  • Socrates, 469-399 BC - "Know thyself."
  • Augustine, 354-430 AD - "Withdraw into yourself truth dwells in the inner man."
  • Thales of Miletus, 620-546 BC - "A scientist tends to know everything about the world that he forgets to know anything about himself."
  • Confucius 555-479 BC - "The Great Sage" Wise Man
• The place of Humanities in the history of Western civilization

  • Ancient 800 BC - Cosmocentric View
  • Medieval 300 AD - Theocentric View
  • Renaissance 1400 - Anthropocentric View
  • Modern 1600 - Scientific-Technocentric View
  • Postmodern 1960 - Eclectic View
• Humanistic disciplines


  • History - Human events happening in the world
  • Language - Written and oral forms of human communication
  • Philosophy - Human reason concerning reality
  • Art - Admiration (Art Appreciation) of human-made objects and the human creativity (Art creation) by which these objects are made
• Art


  Skillful production or performance
• Types of art


  • Liberal art - associated with artists who make art related to Fine Arts as a professional and academic, considered as the major art
  • Servile art - related to making crafts and considered as the minor art
• Western concept of art

  • Academic - only schooled people are artists
  • Elitist - meant for the higher social class
  • Hierarchical - liberal art and servile art, high and low art, major art and minor art or craft, fine art and practical art, folk art, indigenous art, popular art
• Western classification of the arts

  • Major Art - Made by artists and primarily concerned with the form of beauty
  • Minor Art or Craft - made by artisans and concerned with functionality and usefulness of human-made objects (artifacts)
• The seven major arts in Western civilization

  • Visual - Painting, sculpture, Architecture
  • Performing - Music, Dance, Drama
  • Linguistic - Literature
• Minor arts: Crafts


  • Ceramics
  • Weaving
  • Sewing
  • Handicraft
  • Carpentry
  • Masonry
  • Stone Cutting
  • Gardening
  • Cooking
• Labas


  Ulo and dibdib
• Loob


  Isip and damdamin
• Lalim


  Kaluluwa and budhi
• Aspects of Filipino personhood

  • Labas ng Pagkatao - Katawan (Physical) - kulay ng balat, tindig, ilong, dibdib
  • Loob ng pagkatao - Kalooban (Espiritual, Emotional, and Moral) - isip, ugali, asal
  • Lalim ng Pagkatao - Kaluluwa (spiritual - anito (banal)

  
• Non-dualistic relation of terms


  Labas and Loob
• Pagpapakatao


  The process on how a human being becomes a Filipino
• Forms of alienation caused by Westernization of Filipino culture

  • Alienation from community
  • Alienation from our source of cultural energy: Thinking in borrowed forms and the economics of dependency
  • Alienation from our race: The Doña Victorina Syndrome
  • Alienation from the Indigenous: Denigrating the local
  • Alienation from the land
  • Alienation from being Filipino
  • Alienation from sustainable living
• Recommendations for developing a Filipino and humanistic perspective

  • Heightening social consciousness and sense of responsibility to the nation
  • Promoting people participation, local genius, and cultural diversity
  • Promoting the local but thinking national or global: human communities, not the state, are the ultimate actors in the development process
  • Integrating the arts to social and cultural phenomena as lucid mirrors of social consciousness

  
• The communal character of Philippine tradition cultures as reflected in the arts


  • Integration of the arts with other values and functions
  • Unity of the arts
  • Arts is integrated with everyday life and not regarded as a separate activity
  • Equality of opportunity for participation in the artistic and creative process
  • Flexibility of material, technical, and formal requirements
  • Use of available resources of artistic creation
  • Emphasis on the creative process rather than the finished product
  • Simultaneity of conception and realization

  
• Becoming Filipino through the arts: The process of Pagpapakatao


  The arts can provide the most vivid images of social relations and cultural values. They are perhaps the most lucid symbols of a people's quality of being or consciousness.

  
• Damian Domingo (1796-1834) - Father of Philippine Painting
• Juan Luna (1857-1899) - Academic Westernized Filipino Painting
• Rizal's Speech: 'Winning the exposition had proven that Filipinos were equal with the Spaniards, so that Filipinos deserve the recognition of other people in the world with equal dignity and respect.'
• One positive way of looking at Filipino identity in the arts is to see Philippine Art as integrated in Western Art, and these two traditions are uniting and harmonizing with one another.

  
• The Philippine culture has to be dynamic in its relation with other cultures in the world. By harmonizing the Western and the Filipino concepts of art and its practice, a truly Philippine identity in the arts would emerge out of the shared cultural universe, not only of our own people, but of the humanity as a whole.