rpc prelims 1

• Matter


  Anything that occupies space and has mass. It is the material substance of which physical objects are composed.
• Matter is composed of atoms
• Mass


  The quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence. Mass is measured in kilograms. Mass will remain unchanged regardless of its state (solid, liquid, gas).
• Weight


  The force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity. The mass of an object remains the same whether it is on earth or on the moon, but its weight will change due to the force of gravity.
• Energy


  The ability to do work. Energy is measured in joules (J) when using the International System and in electron volt (eV) when used in radiology. Energy and Matter (Mass) can be interchangeable (E= 𝑚𝑐2). Energy that is emitted and transferred through space is called radiation.
• Forms of Energy

  • Potential Energy
  • Kinetic Energy
  • Chemical Energy
  • Electrical Energy
  • Thermal Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Electromagnetic Energy
• Electromagnetic Energy


  The least familiar form of energy, but the most important in the field of radiology. It has a spectrum electromagnetic waves which includes x-rays and gamma rays.
• Standard Units of Measurement

  • Mass
  • Length
  • Time
  • Volume
  • Mass Density
  • Velocity
  • Acceleration
  • Exposure
  • Dose
  • Effective Dose
  • Radioactivity
• Unit


  One part of a measurement, the measurement of a quantity. The other part is the magnitude, which is the numerical value.
• Atom


  The smallest particle that has the properties of an element. It is the building block of the radiographer's understanding of the interaction between ionizing radiation and matter. The term "atom" came from the Greek work "atomos" which means indivisible.

  
• Atomic Models

  • Greek Atom
  • Dalton Atom
  • Dmitri Mendeleev
  • Thomson Atom
  • Rutherford Atom
  • Bohr Atom

  
• Fundamental Particles


  The nucleons (protons and neutrons) and electrons. Protons and Neutrons are composed of quarks that are held together by gluons. The number of Protons determine the type of chemical element. The most important subatomic particles of an atom are the protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  
• Atomic Mass Unit


  Used to express the mass of extremely small atomic particle for precision and convenience. One amu is equal to one twelfth the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
• Atomic Mass Number


  Used to express the mass of atomic particles if precision is not necessary. 1 amu = 1/2 mass of carbon 12