mixed essay questions

• Cardiorespiratory Endurance (Multistage Fitness Test / Beep)


  • The ability of the working muscles to take up and use oxygen
• Flexibility (sit and reach test)


  • The range of motion about a joint
• Muscular strength (hand grip dynamometer)


  • The ability to exert force against a resistance
• Speed (50m sprint test)


  • The ability to perform body movements quickly
• Agility (Illinois agility run test)


  • The ability to move the body from one position and direction to another with speed and precision
• Reaction time (ruler drop test)


  • The time taken to respond to a stimulus
• Balance (balance board test)


  • The ability to maintain equilibrium while either stationary or moving
• Every cell in our body needs a constant supply of oxygen (O2) and food to maintain life and to keep the body operating effectively
• Air entering the body in the respiratory system

  1. Air containing oxygen enters through nose/mouth

  2. Passes through nasal cavities, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

  3. Oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide in alveoli
• Expiration

  Diaphragm relaxes, ribs return to resting position, decreasing chest cavity volume and increasing air pressure into lungs
• Inspiration

  Diaphragm contracts, external intercostal muscles lift ribs, increasing chest cavity volume and decreasing air pressure, drawing air into lungs
• Blood is a complex fluid circulated by the pumping action of the heart, nourishing every cell of the body
• How the circulatory system works

  1. Blood moves from right atrium to lungs, then returns to left ventricle

  2. Left ventricle pumps blood out to body through aorta

  3. Blood travels through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins back to heart
• Oxygenated blood


  Blood that has been exposed to oxygen in the lungs, rich in oxygen and nutrients
• Deoxygenated blood

  Blood low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes
• Physical fitness is a crucial predictor of performance in a wide range of activities
• Components of physical fitness that predict performance

  • Cardiorespiratory endurance
  • Muscular strength and endurance
  • Flexibility
  • Speed, agility, and reaction time
  • Balance and coordination
• Physical fitness provides a solid foundation that enhances the effectiveness of other performance factors like mental toughness, strategy, technique, and experience
• • Pulmonary circulation circulates blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back
  • Systemic circulation pumps blood from the left side of the heart out to the body tissues and back
• Isometric contractions occur when the muscles contract but do not change length or move any joints.
• Every cell in our body needs a constant supply of oxygen (O2) and food to maintain life and to keep the body operating effectively
• Respiratory system facilitates the exchange of gases between the air we breathe and our blood


  1. Air containing oxygen from the atmosphere enters the body

  2. Air passes through the nasal cavities and is warmed, moistened and filtered

  3. Air passes through the pharynx, larynx and trachea

  4. Trachea divides into bronchi that lead to the lungs

  5. Air reaches the alveoli where gas exchange occurs
• The inner lining of the air passages produces mucus that catches and holds dirt and germs. It is also covered with microscopic hairs (cilia) that remove dirt, irritants and mucus through steady, rhythmic movements
• The lungs consist of two bag-like organs, one situated on each side of the heart. They are enclosed in the thoracic cavity
• Expiration

  1. Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards

  2. Internal intercostal muscles allow ribs to return to resting position

  3. Decreases chest cavity volume and increases air pressure into lungs
• Inspiration

  1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens

  2. External intercostal muscles lift the ribs outwards and upwards

  3. Increases the volume of the chest cavity and pulls the walls of the lungs outwards

  4. Decreases the air pressure within the lungs, causing air to rush in
• Blood is a complex fluid circulated by the pumping action of the heart. It nourishes every cell of the body
• Blood

  Consists of a liquid component (plasma) and a solid component (red and white blood cells, platelets)
• How the circulatory system works

  1. Blood moves from the right atrium to the lungs to get rid of CO2 and pick up O2

  2. Blood returns to the left side of the heart, ending up in the left ventricle

  3. Left ventricle pumps blood out to the rest of the body through the aorta

  4. Blood travels through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins back to the heart
• Oxygenated blood


  Blood that has been exposed to oxygen in the lungs, flows to the left chamber of the heart and is rich in oxygen and nutrients
• Deoxygenated blood


  Blood that has a low oxygen saturation, flows to the right atrium of the heart and is rich in carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes
• Physical fitness is a crucial predictor of performance in a wide range of activities, from everyday tasks to athletic endeavors
• Components of physical fitness that predict performance

  • Cardiorespiratory endurance
  • Muscular strength and endurance
  • Flexibility
  • Speed, agility, and reaction time
  • Balance and coordination
• While physical fitness is a significant predictor of performance, it is not the sole determinant. Other factors like mental toughness, strategy, technique, and experience also play crucial roles
• Pulmonary circulation circulates blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart. Systemic circulation pumps blood from the left side of the heart out to all body tissues, then back to the right side of the heart