body in motion - year 11 pdhpe (quizlet)

• Functions - Skeltal System

  Support

  Attachemnt

  Movenemnt

  Storgae

  Protection

  Production
• Inferior


  Away from the head
• Superior


  Towards the head
• Anterior


  Towards the front
• Posterior


  Towards the back
• Medial


  Towards the midline
• Lateral


  Away from the midline
• Proximal


  Towards the body - closer to point of attachment
• Distal


  Away from the body - Further away from point of attachment
• Long bone


  Longer than they are wide

  Used for movement

  Muscles pull on them

  Femur, humerus, ulna and radius
• Short bones


  Cube like in appearance

  As long as they are wide

  Shock absorbers

  Very strong

  Carpals and tarsals
• Flat bones


  Thin bones - protect vital organs

  Large surface area

  Skull, sternum and ribs
• Irregular bones


  Irregular in shape

  Have muscle attachment

  Vertebrae and patella
• Vertebral column


  Cervical (7) supports the neck and head

  Thoracic (12) connected to the ribs

  Lumbar (5) allows twisting and turning

  Sacrum fused to the pelvic griddle

  Coccyx
• Bones :


  Epiphysis - end part

  Diaphysis - the shaft

  Cartilage - White smooth slippery protects ends of the bone

  Compact bone - Hard strong, cemented together

  Marrow cavity - filled with soft yellow pulp

  Periosteum - tough fibrous skin

  Spongy bone - hard, light strong, filled with red marrow which makes blood cells
• Fibrous Joints


  Connected with tissue - does not allow movement
• Cartilaginous Joint


  Separated by a dis or plate

  For Example; joint of the spine are separated by this tissue causing limited movement
• Synovial Joint


  Freely moveable, Allow a range of movement
• Joint


  Where two bones meet
• Synovial membrane


  Encloses the synovial fluid
• Synovial Fluid


  To barb shock and reduce tension
• Tendons


  Attaches muscles to bones
• Ligaments


  Attaches bone to bone
• Cartilage


  Prevents bones rubbing together (Friction)
• Ball and socket


  Bone fits into a hollow - Can turn into many directions

  Hips and Shoulder Joints
• Hinge Joint


  Can swing open until straight

  Elbow and knee joints
• Condyloid Joint


  Bones move past one another

  Carpals, Metacarpals, Tarsals and Metatarsals
• Pivot Joint


  Allowing rotation

  Forearm and neck
• Gliding joint


  Flat surfaces can glide over each other, giving a little movenment
• Saddle Joint


  Allows bending motion

  Thumb, Metacarpals/Carpal Joint
• Flexion


  Decreasing the angle of a joint

  Standing to sitting decreasing knee joint
• Extension


  Increasing the angle of a joint

  Sitting to standing increasing knee joint
• Abduction


  Moving away from the the midline
• Adduction


  Adding to the midline
• Circumduction


  Making a joint in a circular motion
• Rotation


  Turning/ Twisting a bone along It's axis
• Dorsiflexion


  Moving toes towards the shin bone

  A flex
• Plantarflexion


  Moving toes away from the shin bone

  A pointe
• Supernation


  Turning the wrist to face up
• Pronation


  Turning the wrist to face down