Session 7

• Emotion


  An affective state often accompanied by specific physiological characteristics, with the power to impact thoughts and behaviors

  
• Emotions


  • Involve a subjective experience
  • Involve a physiological reaction
  • Involve an expression of that feeling (behavioral response)

  
• Emotions play an important role in our survival
• Positive Emotions


  • Happiness
  • Joy
  • Hope
  • Amusement
• Negative Emotions


  • Fear
  • Sadness
  • Anger
  • Disgust
  • Shame
• Emotions


  Intense, short-lived reactions with identifiable causes
• Feelings


  Subjective experiences that arise as a result of emotions, influenced by perception of the situation

  
• Moods


  Temporary emotional states that can be described as a general emotional background, can last longer and have less clear causes
• Emotions have survival value and have been shaped by natural selection
• Individuals vary tremendously in emotional responsiveness
• Emotions are not entirely programmed by genetics
• More than 500 emotional terms are currently in use
• Basic/Universal Emotions


  • Evident in all cultures
  • Based in survival
  • Correlate with facial expressions
  • Pure emotional states - other emotions are combinations

  
• Basic/Universal Emotions


  • Happiness
  • Sadness
  • Fear
  • Anger
  • Surprise
  • Disgust
  • Contempt
  • Embarrassment
  • Pride

  
• Primary Emotions


  Universal and biologically based emotions like fear, anger, sadness, joy, surprise, disgust, contempt

  
• Secondary Emotions


  Emotions that develop with cognitive maturity and vary across individuals and cultures

  
• Plutchik Model


  Shows 8 basic emotions: joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, anticipation, anger, disgust
• Plutchik Model


  • Emotions organized based on physiological purpose
  • Emotions have opposites based on physiological reactions
  • Emotions can be combinations of primary emotions
  • Emotions have varying intensity levels

  
• If left unchecked, emotions can intensify
• Functions of Emotions


  • Prepare for action
  • Help avoid danger
  • Shape future behaviours
  • Help regulate social interactions
  • Influence attention and memory
  • Provide motivation and arousal
  • Influence moral reasoning

  
• Factors Influencing Emotions


  • Personality
  • Weather
  • Stress
  • Social Activities
  • Sleep
  • Exercise
• Emotional arousal state


  State we go to in response to our daily experiences, e.g. fight, flight or freeze response
• Physiological arousal


  • Helps in the process of motivation to overcome obstacles and to be better in sports, academically and career wise
• Moral reasoning


  Is it possible for our emotions to choose right or wrong?
• Most people do not realize how much their emotions direct their moral choices
• Experts think it is impossible to make any important moral judgments without emotions
• Emotions have evolved in part to encourage us to obey society's moral rules so that we can effectively live together in groups
• Inner-directed, negative, and self-conscious emotions such as guilt, shame, and embarrassment motivate people to follow society's moral norms and ethics
• Factors influencing emotions


  • Personality
  • Weather
  • Stress
  • Social Activities
  • Sleep
  • Exercise
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Health
• Studies of congenitally blind individuals show facial expressions for basic emotions present from early age, suggesting facial expression of emotions are genetically encoded, not socially learned
• Like the motor skills of crawling and walking, facial expressions of emotions develop according to a biological timetable of maturation

  
• Consistency of emotional development across individual infants and across cultures supports the idea that emotional expression is inborn
• Emotional Intelligence (EQ)


  The capability of individuals to recognize their own emotions and those of others, discern between different feelings and label them appropriately, use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, and manage and/or adjust emotions to adapt to environments or achieve one's goal(s)

  
• Normal EQ = 90-100 and highest EQ being 160
• Characteristics of Emotional Intelligence Skills

  • Independent: Each makes a unique contribution to performance
  • Interdependent: Each pull the others to some extent
  • Hierarchical: Emotional Intelligence skills build upon each other
  • Necessary, but not sufficient: Work environment climate and the person's interest are critical
  • Generic: Emotional Intelligence skills apply to all jobs, but different jobs require different skills in priority
• Self-Awareness


  People with high EQ are aware of their emotions and emotional states, confident, and willing to take an honest review of themselves
• Self-Management / Self-Regulation


  Ability to control emotions, prevent getting to extremes, reduced impulsive episodes, flexibility to change, ability to say "NO"
• Motivation


  Possess the drive and commitment to meet objectives and personal quality standards, defer immediate results for long term success, set challenging goals and take calculated risks, embrace and take ownership of the goals of the organization/group, possess a proactive mindset, persist despite obstacles and setbacks
• Empathy


  Ability to identify and understand the needs and viewpoints of others, avoid stereotyping and judging too quickly, become excellent in managing relationships
• Social Skills


  Understand the emotions and concerns of others, become comfortable socially and recognize the power dynamics in a group or organization, manage one's and others' emotions, connect, interact and work with others