Module 6 and 7

• GLOBAL NORTH

  Refers to the countries that

  are geographically in the

  northern hemisphere or so

  countries that are

  economically developed
• Global south

  Refers to the countries that

  are geographically in the

  southern hemisphere or the

  countries that are

  developing or economically

  struggling
• Regionalism - Strengthened collective identity in a

  conglomerate of nations occupying a

  particular geographic area or aiming at

  shared goals; increase in economic

  exchanges in particular area.
• Regionalism - Refers to the decentralization of political

  powers or competencies from a higher

  towards a lower political level.
• conglomerate

  A number of different things or

  parts that are put or grouped

  together to form a whole but

  remain distinct entities
• Tanaka and Inoguchi

  (1996) articulated that

  after the Cold War, the

  relations between nations

  have been dynamic and

  unique
• Region as geographical unit - A region can be interpreted as a place,

  as a physical environment. For example,

  we can determine Asia as a region

  based on the land and water

  boundaries surrounding it.
• Region as SOCIAL SYSTEM - A region can be interpreted as a

  conglomerate of people occupying

  a particular space and possessing a

  unique dynamics of interaction. For

  example, Asia can be determined

  as a region based on the group of

  people occupying it and the shared

  ancestry, language, and culture

  these people have.
• Region as organized cooperation - A region can be interpreted as a group of

  nations who agree to take part and form a

  formal organization. For instance,

  Southeast Asia is a region within Asia, and

  it has been formalized through

  memberships in the Association of

  Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN.
• In the contemporary world, Asia has become

  an economic force characterized by reduced

  poverty and fast pace economic

  development (ADB, 2008).
• Japan embarked on procuring raw materials

  like coal and iron at unprecedented

  economies of scale allowing them to gain a

  competitive edge in the global manufacturing

  market as well as globalized shipping and

  procurement patterns which other countries

  modeled.
• India opened up and emphasized an

  export-oriented strategy. Textiles and other

  low wage sectors have been a key part of

  the economy with successful software

  development exports.
• China pursues similar pattern of

  development at present and is now the

  world’s largest importers of basic raw

  materials such as iron and surpassed

  Japan, the US and Europe in steel

  production.
• ENHANCED DIALOGUE BETWEEN CITIZENS OF VARIOUS NATIONS

  This is facilitated by growing tourism activities in the regions and consistent

  multilateral meetings among leaders of nation-state
• EXPANDING INTRAREGIONAL TRADE AND INVESTEMENTS

  That brings forth closer financial markets and independent economies.
• INCREASED CONNECTIVITY

  This is facilitated by regional infrastructure projects as well as delivering

  public goods.