skeletal symptoms

• functions of skeleton 


  support , protection , movement , blood cell production , mineral homeostasis , tryglyceride storage
• how many bones are in an adult body

  206
• how many bones do children and infants have

  more then 206
• what two deperate divisions is the adult body placed in

  axial skeleton appendicular skeleton
• how many bones are in the axial skeleton

  80
• how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton

  126
• what does the axial skeleton contribute too

  homeostasis by protecting brain , lungs , spinal cord and heart
• what consists of the axial skeleton


  skull-cranium, face , hyoid , auditory ossicles , vertebral colmn , thorax-sternum , ribs
• what is the yellow part of the diagram called

  frontal bone

  
• name the pink part of the diagram

  parietal bone

  
• name the purple parts of the diagram

  sphenoid bone

  
• what are the orange and blue bones called on the diagrams

  temporal bones

  
• name the purple part of the diagram

  occipital bone

  
• what is the dark blue part of the diagram called

  ethmoid bone
• Functions of the skeleton

  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral homeostasis
  • Blood cell production
  • Triglyceride storage
• The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, most of which are paired
• The skeletons of infants and children have more than 206 bones because their bones fuse as they grow
• Axial skeleton


  80 bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body
• Appendicular skeleton


  126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
• Bones of the axial skeleton

  • Skull (cranium 8 bones, face 14 bones)
  • Hyoid 1 bone
  • Auditory ossicles 6 bones
  • Vertebral column 26 bones
  • Sternum 1 bone
  • Ribs 24 bones
• Cranial bones


  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Sphenoid
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
  • Ethmoid
• Facial bones


  • Vomer
  • Maxillae
  • Mandible
  • Nasal
  • Palatine
  • Lacrimal
  • Zygomatic
  • Inferior Nasal Conchae
• Vertebral column


  Also known as the spine, backbone, or spinal column
• Vertebrae


  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 1 sacrum
  • 1 coccyx
• Vertebrae


  • Vertebral body
  • Vertebral arch
  • Inter-vertebral discs
• Ribs


  • 12 pairs, 1-7 'true' ribs, 8-12 'false' ribs
• Bones of the appendicular skeleton

  • Shoulder (pectoral) girdles (clavicle 2, scapula 2)
  • Upper limbs (humerus 2, ulna 2, radius 2, carpals 16, metacarpals 10, phalanges 28)
  • Pelvic (hip) girdle (hip, pelvic 2)
  • Lower limbs (femur 2, patella 2, fibula 2, tibia 2, tarsals 14, metatarsals 10, phalanges 28)
• Pelvic girdle


  • Made up of 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium and pubis
  • Unites anteriorly at pubis symphysis, posteriorly with sacrum at sacroiliac joints
• Bone classifications


  • Long bones
  • Flat bones
  • Short bones
  • Irregular bones
  • Sesamoid bones
• Long bones


  • Diaphysis
  • Epiphysis
  • Metaphysis (growth plate)
  • Articular cartilage
  • Medullary cavity
• Long bones


  • Greater length than width
  • Ends slightly curved to absorb stress
  • Consist of compact bone in diaphysis, spongy bone in epiphysis
• Long bones include the femur, tibia & fibula, humerus and the phalanges
• Flat bones


  • Thin, with two parallel plates of compact bone tissue surrounding a layer of spongy bone tissue
  • Serve as protection and provide areas for muscle attachment
• Short bones


  • Cube-shaped, almost equal length and width
  • Consist mainly of spongy bone tissue
• Examples of flat bones include cranial bones, sternum, and the scapulae
• Long Bones


  • Greater length than width
  • Ends are slightly curved, which absorb stress of the body's weight
  • Consist mostly of compact bone tissue in their diaphysis and contain spongy bone tissue in their epiphysis
  • Vary in size, and include the femur, tibia & fibula, humerus and the phalanges
• Flat Bones


  • Generally thin and comprised of two almost parallel plates of compact bone tissue, surrounding a layer of spongy bone tissue
  • Serve as protection for underlying structures, as well as providing extensive areas for muscle attachment
  • Examples include cranial bones, sternum, and the scapulae
• Short Bones


  • Cube-shaped and almost equal in length and width
  • Consist of spongy bone tissue, except at the surface which has a thin layer of compact bone tissue
  • Examples are most carpal and tarsal bones
• Irregular Bones


  • Have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any other category
  • Vary in amounts of compact and spongy bone tissue
  • Examples include the vertebrae, hip bones and facial bones
• Sesamoid Bones


  • Develop where there is considerable friction, tension and physical stress
  • Protect tendons from excessive wear & tear
  • Vary in number from person to person and are not always completely ossified
  • An example would be the patella, which is also the largest sesamoid bone