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Cards (46)
Matter
Atom
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Mole
6.022
x 10^
23
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Chemical bonds
Ionic
bond
Non polar
covalent bonding
Polar
covalent bonding
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Carbon
Atomic number
6
Atomic weight
12.011
Symbol C
Electron configuration [He]
2s
^
2 2p
^2
Solid at
20°C
Weakly
acidic
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Sodium
atom
Transfers
electron
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Chlorine
atom
Receives
electron
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Sodium ion
Positively
charged
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Chloride
ion
Negatively
charged
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Nonpolar
covalent bonding
Electrons spend
equal
time near each
nucleus
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Polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons
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Chemical reaction
H +
H2O
->
H3O+
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Hydrogen bond
Formed when
hydrogen
forms covalent bond with oxygen,
nitrogen
or fluorine
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Hydrogen bond
Positively
charged hydrogen of one water molecule attracted to
negatively
charged oxygen of another water molecule
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Water
Accounts for
50-60
% of body weight
High heat of
vaporisation
and
heat capacity
Stabilises
body temperature
Provides
protection
Creates surface
tension
Acts as
mixing
medium/solvent
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pH
7
is
neutral
Blood pH
range 7.35-
7
.45
pH less than 7 is
acidic
, pH greater than
7
is basic
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Acid-base reaction
Acid + Base ->
Salt
+
Water
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Acid-base
reaction
Sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) + Hydrochloric acid (HCl) -> Sodium chloride (NaCl) +
Water
(H2O)
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Carbohydrates
3%
of body mass
Monosaccharides
are
energy
source (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Structural component of
DNA
and
RNA
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Monosaccharides
Glucose
, fructose,
galactose
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Disaccharides
Sucrose
(glucose + fructose)
Maltose
(glucose + glucose)
Lactose
(glucose + galactose)
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Polysaccharides
Starch
,
cellulose
, glycogen
Regulate
blood glucose levels
,
store energy
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Lipids
18-25
% of body mass
Hydrophobic
Long-term
energy storage
Structural
component of membranes
Messenger
and
signalling
molecules
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Triglycerides
Fats
and
oils
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Phospholipids
Form
plasma
membranes
Transmit
nerve
impulses
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Steroids
Regulate normal
reproductive
function
Component of
cell membranes
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Cholesterol
Bile
acid,
digestion
and absorption
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Proteins
20%
of body mass
Consist of
amino acids
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Amino acid
Hydrogen
group, amine group,
carboxyl
group, variable R group
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The 20 common amino acids
Alanine
Phenylalanine
Lysine
Glycine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Proline
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Aspartic
acid
Glutamic
acid
Serine
Threonine
Cysteine
Arginine
Valine
Histidine
Methionine
Asparagine
Glutamine
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Primary protein structure
Sequence of
amino acids
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Secondary protein structure
Local
folding
into helices or
sheets
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Tertiary
protein structure
Three-dimensional
folding pattern due to
side chain
interactions
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Quaternary protein structure
Protein consisting of
more than one amino acid chain
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Enzymes
Salivary amylase
Renin
Pepsin
Gastric amylase
Gastric lipase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Steapsin
(pancreatic lipase)
Carboxypeptidase
Pancreatic amylase
Enterokinase
Eripsin
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase
Peptidase
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Nucleic acids
DNA
and
RNA
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid
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Nitrogenous bases
Purines
(adenine, guanine)
Pyrimidines
(cytosine, thymine, uracil)
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Skin structure
Stratum corneum
, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum,
stratum spinosum
, stratum basale
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Collagen
Collagen
fiber,
collagen
fibril, collagen molecule
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See all 46 cards
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