additional cards

• Outbreak


  Sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a given population
• Zoonotic


  Disease transmitted from animals to humans
• Endemic


  Disease regularly found in a particular population or area
• Helicobacter pylori


  Causative agent of peptic ulcer
• "Four o'clock habit"


  Promoted by Department of Health to prevent spread of malaria
• ZDU


  First drug available for HIV
• Anaphylaxis


  Immediate hypersensitivity reaction following exposure of a sensitized individual to the appropriate antigen
• Pilus


  Thin proteinaceous appendage necessary for bacterial conjugation
• Nitrosamines


  Carcinogenic compounds formed when nitrite reacts with amines in food
• Chlorine


  Disinfectant of choice for municipal water supply
• Fomite


  Object able to harbour and transmit microorganisms
• Artificially acquired passive immunity


  Developed after vaccination with immunoglobulin preparations
• Nosocomial infections


  Infections developed while the patient is in the hospital
• Toxigenicity


  Capacity of an organism to produce a toxin
• Fecal coliforms


  Cause for Boracay water being declared unsafe
• Vibrios


  Rod-shaped bacteria curved from commas
• Endotoxin


  Heat stable lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative cell wall that is toxic to the host
• Invasiveness


  Ability of a microorganism to enter a host, grow, reproduce and spread throughout its body
• Symbiosis


  Intimate living together of members of two different species
• Biodegradable


  Plastics that can be decomposed by microorganisms
• Tinea corporis


  Ringworm infection with whitish patches on human skin
• Legionella pneumophila


  Causative agent of pneumonia acquired by inhalation from air-conditioners
• Zoonotic disease


  Disease transmitted from animals to humans
• Mycobacterium leprae


  Causative agent of Hansen's disease
• Moist heat sterilization


  Makes use of an autoclave, causes oxidation of cell components, makes use of steam under pressure, can kill both vegetative cells and spores
• Capsule


  Cellular structure equated for drug resistance
• R plasmids


  Bacterial genes responsible for drug resistance
• Protozoa, Rickettias, Chlamydias, Myoplasmas

  Microorganisms that can be transmitted to humans by animal vectors like insects
• Salvarsan


  First chemotherapeutic agent significantly discovered and evaluated
• Thioglycollate agar


  Example of anaerobic media
• Disinfectant


  Chemical agent that kills the vegetative forms of pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily the spores
• 1. ray


  Example of ionizing radiation
• Mitochondria


  Primary site of electron transport system in eukaryotes
• Mycoplasms


  Organism with atypical cell wall
• Koch's postulates


  Suspected organism should be present in healthy individuals, organism must be isolated and grown as pure culture in the laboratory, organism must initiate the symptoms of the disease in healthy animals, organism must be re-isolated from the animal and be cultured
• Louis Pasteur


  Terms "aerobic" and "anaerobic", Fractional sterilization, Pasteur flask, Fermentation
• Pleomorphism


  Phenomenon wherein an organism exhibits plasticity
• Bacillus stearothermophillus


  Biological sterilization indicator used to test autoclave efficiency
• Log phase


  Phase in the bacterial growth curve wherein the culture is in the period of balanced growth
• Germination


  Process by which bacterial endospore return to its vegetative state