continuation 2 subjects

• Anxiety Disorder


  Excessive fear or worry about a specific situation (extended period – at least several months)
• Anxiety disorders are the world's most common mental disorders, affecting 301 million people in 2019
• More women are affected by anxiety disorders than men
• Approximately 1 in 4 people with anxiety disorders receive treatment for this condition
• Although highly effective treatments for anxiety disorders exist, only about 1 in 4 people in need (27.6%) receive any treatment
• Symptoms of anxiety often onset during childhood or adolescence
• There are highly effective treatments for anxiety disorders
• Anxiety disorders interfere with daily activities and can impair a person's family, social and school or working life
• Barriers to care for anxiety disorders

  • Lack of awareness
  • Insufficient investment in mental health services
  • Shortage of trained healthcare providers
  • Social stigma
• Symptoms of anxiety disorder


  • Feeling restless or on edge
  • Being irritable
  • Getting tired easily
  • Having difficulty concentrating or feeling your mind goes blank
  • Having difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep
  • Having tense muscles
  • Trouble concentrating or making decisions
  • Feeling irritable, tense, or restless
  • Experiencing nausea or abdominal distress
  • Having heart palpitations
  • Sweating, trembling, or shaking
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Having a sense of impending danger, panic, or doom
• Kinds of anxiety disorders

  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Agoraphobia
  • Separation anxiety disorder
  • Specific phobias
  • Selective mutism
  • Anxiety disorder due to medical conditions
  • Substance-induced anxiety disorder
• Social deviance

  Actions or behaviors that violate social norms
• One of the aims of a definition of mental disorder has been to make explicit the distinction between mental disorder and social deviance
• Causes of deviant behavior

  • Psychological explanations
  • Biological explanations
  • Sociological explanations
• Bipolar disorder


  Brain disorders that causes changes in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function
• Categories of bipolar disorder

  • Bipolar I
  • Bipolar II
  • Cyclothymic Disorder
• Causes of bipolar disorder

  • Genetic factors
  • Environmental triggers (stress, sleep disruption, substance use)
  • Brain chemical imbalances
• Symptoms of Bipolar I Disorder

  • Manic Episodes
  • Hypomanic Episodes
  • Major Depressive Episodes
• Impact of bipolar disorder on family

  • Emotional impact
  • Physical impact
  • Family estrangement
• Role of social work

  • Diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions
  • Individual, family, and couple's therapy
  • Addressing depression, anxiety, family problems, and behavioral issues
  • Working in private practice or mental health facilities
  • Support groups, treatment plans, and interventions
• Characteristics of anxiety disorders

  Impact on functioning and behavior
• Extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder


  Criminal activity
• Bipolar disorder commonly runs in families: 80 to 90 percent of individuals with bipolar disorder have a relative with bipolar disorder or depression
• Environmental factors such as stress, sleep disruption, and drugs and alcohol may trigger mood episodes in vulnerable people
• Though the specific causes of bipolar disorder within the brain are unclear, an imbalance of brain chemicals is believed to lead to dysregulated brain activity
• Manic patients are tic, unpredictable, and erratic
• Manic patients often display negligence of social propriety and appear unnaturally happy or euphoric
• Mood and Affect

  Manic patients often have elevated or euphoric moods<|>The effects is heightened, intense, and extremely liable<|>In a depressive state, they report a sad or elegiac mood while expressing a congruent affect
• Speech


  Manic patients demonstrate pressured speech, indicating rapid and continuous speech production<|>Depressive patients show slow and soft speech
• Perception


  Mood delusions may be present in either the depressed or manic phase
• Thought Process and Content

  Manic patients show easy distractibility, lack of concentration, illogical condensations, delusions of grandiosity, and flight of ideas
• Sensorium and Cognition


  Manic patients may have a grossly intact memory<|>Manic delirium can be a sign of impaired orientation
• Impulse Control


  Manic patients often demonstrate lack of willpower<|>Manic patients are threatening and assaultive
• Judgment and Insight

  Manic patients often overemphasize their symptoms<|>Manic patients are usually unreliable in the information they provide
• Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and worry and related behavioral disturbances
• Effective psychological treatment exists for anxiety disorders, and depending on the age and severity, medication may also be considered
• Deviant behavior is the result of how people adapt to specific strains (financial difficulties, death in the family) and the negative emotions (depression, anxiety, or anger) that go with it
• Bipolar disorder can lead to extreme mood swings and psychosis
• Bipolar Disorder

  Low-end cases may experience severe depression, while high-end cases may experience manic episodes<|>During a manic episode, victims may experience racing thoughts, self-confidence, and decreased sleep need<|>Poor decision-making can result in lavish spending sprees, risky sexual behavior, and chaotic behavior<|>Some may abuse drugs or alcohol to control symptoms or lack self-control
• Most patients with psychiatric disorders in prison are incarcerated for nonviolent crimes, such as burglary, fraud, and drug offenses