Earth Science

• Rocks is naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals
• Rocks has three categories, igneous metamorphic and sedimentary
• patreology is the study of rocks
• Patreologist classify rocks based on how they were formed
• Igneous formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that originates within the earth
• there are TWO types of igneous rock
• the first type of igneous rock is Extrusive
• Extrusive or also known as Volcanic rock
• Extrusive is fromed when magma makes it way to earth surface as lava and then cools
• Intrusive is the second type of igneous rock
• Intrusive is also known as Plutonic
• Intrusive cools slowly beneath the earth surface and are created by magma
• Igneous rocks are classified based on composition and texture
• Felsic is light in color feldspor and silicates
• Mafic is dark in color and is made up of magnesium and iron
• Intermediate is between mafic and felsic
• Ultramafic is very darl color
• Igneous can be classified as Course grained and Fine Grained
• coarse-grained takes longer to cool, giving mineral crystals more time to grow
• fine-graine cools quickly with little no crystals
• Sedimentary rocks are formed by the compaction and cementing together of sediments no heat pressure involve
• Strata layers of rocks
• Stratification is the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged layers
• there are two types of sedimentary rocks
• Clastic sedimentary rocks is the first type of sedimentary
• Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from broken bits and pieces of other existing rocks that settle out of water or air
• Non-clastic sedimentary rocks are the second type of sedimentary rocks
• Chemical is formed from the materials that precipitated from water
• Biological or organic is formed from organic sediments that are remains of living organism such as plants and shells
• Metamorphic are form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure
• Example of metamorphic rocks: Quartzite, Marble, Slate and Gneiss
• Feldspar used to make porcelain,enamel and as building house
• Mica is used for insulation electrical equipment, wallpaper and fireproof materials
• Talc used to make powder for cosmetic products
• Calcite used is manufacturing cement and mortar and for writing on the board
• Sulfur used is manufacturing sulfuric acid, explosive dyes, insecticide, and soap
• Salt used in preservatives and additive
• Borax used in manufacturing soap enamels, glass,washing powder, and welding
• Apatite used for fertilizer graphite-used as pencil lead
• Iron used in industry and infrastructure projects