GEN 003 science technology and society

• Science - deals with laerning new facts (discoveries) and solving problems ( sienctific method )
• Technology - deals with creating or inventing that fulfill our needs and desires or perform certain functions

  • is the application of understanding of natural laws to the solution of practical problems
• science, technology and society

  • Ancient times
  • Middle age
  • Modern age
• science and technology in the ANCIENT TIMES ( through 599 BCE )

  • Stone age ( paleolithic, mesolithic, neolithic)
  • Bronze age
  • Iron age
• • paleolithic - old stone age
  • mesolithic - middle stone age
  • neolithic - new stone age
• Paleolithic period - 2.5 million years ago to 10, 000 B.C early humans lived in cave or simple huts or tepees and were hunters and gatheres.

  • they use basic stone and bone tools as well as crude stone axes, for hunting birds and wild animals.
  • they cooked their prey inculding woolly mammoths, deer and bison using controlled fires.
  • they also collected fish and berries, fruit and nuts
• mesolithic period ( 10, 000 B.C to 8, 000 ) humans used small stone tools, now polished and sometimes crafted with points and attached to antlers, bone or wood to serve as spears and arrows
• neolithic period - ( 8, 000 B.C to 3, 000 B.C ) ancient humans swicthed from hunters/ gatherer mode to agriculture and food production.

  • they demosticsted animals and cultivated cereal grains
  • they use polished hand axes, adzes for ploughing and tilling the land and started to settle in the plans
• Bronze age - 3,000 B.C. to 1, 300 B.C. mentalworking advances were made as bronze a copper and tin alloy, was discovered.

  • now used for weapons and tools for animal domestication, the harder metal replaed ist stone predeccessor and helped spark innovations including the ox- drawn plow and the wheel
• Brone age - advances in architecture and art inculding the invention of the potter's wheel, and textiles - clothing consisted of mostly wool items such as skirts, kilts, tunics and cloaks

  • organized goverment, law and warfare, as well as beginnings of religion, also came into play during the bronze age perphas most notably relating to the ancient EGYPTIANS who built the pyramids during this time.
• Iron age - with mass production of steel tools and waepons the age saw eveb further advances in architecure, with four room homes, some complete with stables for animals, joining more rudimentary hill forts, as well as royal palaces, temples and other religiuos stuctures
• Science and technology in " Antiquity " ( 600 thrrough 529 BCE ) - started with the rise of greek civilization

  • develop institutions such as the academy, lyceum, and mesuem
  • the first to believe that humans could understand the universe using reason alone rather alone rather than through mythology or religion ( philosophers )
  • characterized by war between religion and science ( Dark ages )
• Middle ages -( 530 through 1452 ), there was a decline of science in europe

  • use of currency replaced by barter
  • proverty was endemic and people suffered from wars, piracy, famine and epidemics
  • chinese philosophy developed theories on matter and living beings
  • revival of western science started during the last centuries of the millennium
  • technological revolution took place
  • vast improvements in communication and transportation
• Modern age - the twentieth century witnessed the greatest changes in technology and science that humans have ever witnessed.

  - the 19th century to expand the reach of modern technology- for a citizen in 1900, communication, transportation and agriculture was still primarily local activities; by 2000 an american citizen was part of an interconnected global community

  • the great depression, the world wars and cold war, the civil rights and women's rights movements - all were greatly impacted by the rapid scientific and technological advancements in the universities and industy.