BIRTH

• MULTIPLE BIRTHS


  -          Identical twins

  -          Non-Identical Twins
• Identical twins


  -          monozygotic twins

  -          one egg cell/ovum further divides into two after being fertilized by one sperm

  -          have exactly the same genetic constitutions, thus, they always have the same sex and very similar looks
• Non-Identical Twins


  -          fraternal or dizygotic twins

  -          arise from two eggs/ova which are fertilized by two different sperm cells
• TYPES OF BIRTH

  -          Natural Birth

  -          Instrument Birth

  -          Breech Birth

  -          Transverse Presentation Birth

  -          Cesarean-Section Birth
• Natural Birth


  -          or spontaneous birth

  -          fetus’ head emerges first through the birth canal followed by one shoulder then the other, next by the arms one at a time and finally the legs
• Instrument Birth


  -          employed with the aid of surgical instruments

  -          fetus is too large or its position does not allow normal birth process
• Breech Birth


  -          fetal buttocks appear first, followed by the legs arms and eventually the head

  -          instruments can be used to aid delivery
• Transverse Presentation Birth

  -          fetus lies crosswise on the mother’s uterus

  -          instruments can be used to aid delivery
• Cesarean-Section Birth


  -          fetus is delivered surgically

  -          slit created in the maternal abdominal wall