L28 Scalp, Skull and Face

• Describe skull and its function

  -Bony structure of head

  -Made up of flat, irregular or pneumatic bones

  -Protect brain and fixing position of ears
• State 3 for each neurocranium and viscerocranium

  Neurocranium - frontal, parietal, temporal

  Viscerocranium - maxilla, zygomatic, nasal
• State bone involved in determining age

  Mandible
• State bone involved for 4 sutures formation

  sagittal - left and right parietal

  coronal - frontal, parietal

  lambdoid - parietal, occipital

  squamous - temporal, parietal, sphenoid

  metopic - between frontal bones
• State the structures of flat bboones

  -outer table of compact bone

  -middle layer of spongy bone

  -inner tale of compact bone
• State 3 movements of temporomandibular joint

  -elevation

  -depression

  -protusion
• Describe cranial vault

  -Bony dome-shaped roof skull

  -encases the brain

  -Compaction of several flat bones joined by sutures
• Define scalp

  The soft tissue envelope of cranial vault
• State the scalp's layers

  -skin

  -connective tissue

  -aponeurotic layer

  -loose connective tissue

  -pericarnium
• Which is the most dangerous layer of scalp and why ?

  -Loose connective tissue

  -It arranged loosely

  -has less nerve supply

  -any bleeding may spread rapidly
• Why wounds in scalp bleed profusely ?

  The fibrous fascia prevent vasoconstriction
• What is the significance of having aponeurosis holding skin tight

  Wounds superficial to aponeurosis gap much less than wounds that cut through it
• Describe cephalohematoma

  -collection of blood usually over one parietal bone

  -occur several hours after difficult birth

  -between neonate's pericarnium and calvaria

  -Causes rupture of multiple minute and periosteal arteries
• Describe emissary veins related to any infection

  -do not have valves

  -open in loose areolar tissue

  -any infection can be transmitted from scalp to cranial cavity
• What is black eye ?

  -Injuries of scalp

  -causing blood vessels under scalp to rupture

  -leading to swelling and contusion around the edge
• Describe face

  -anterior aspect of head

  -extends from forehead to chin and from one ear to other

  -contains group of muscles that move skin
• Why face known as 'index of mind' ?

  -facce provides identity of individual human

  -important role in communication

  -basic shape determined by underlying bone
• state the nerve supply face expression

  nerve VII : Facial
• State 3 muscles of facial expression

  -buccinator

  -orbicularis oris

  -platysma
• state the blood supply, nerve supply and motor supply to facial expression

  blood supply : superficial temporal artery and vein

  nerve supply : VII (facial nerve)

  motor supply : temporal, zygomatic, mandibular